小豆粒色基因克隆及调控网络和进化分析

Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) originated in China is an anciently functional minor cereal and pulse. Adzuki bean is important in nutrition, heath, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, providing nitrogen for subsequent crop, sustainable cropping systems and earning foreign currency. Adzuki bean is grown in more than thirty countries of the world. China has the largest planting area and 80% export trade volume of adzuki bean in the world. Seed coat color is an important quality trait, and closely relate with flavonoid and anthocyanin metabolism pathway. Flavonoid biosynthesis result in difference of seed coat color. The flavonoids have Oxidation resistance, medicine and nutrition value. Seed coat color in almost all of wild adzuki bean (Vigna angularis var. nipponensis) is grey with black mottle. Cultivated adzuki bean was domesticated from wild adzuki bean, and has abundant seed coat colors including red, black, ivory, red with black mottle, beige, greenish yellow, light brown, brown, green, golden gray with black mottle etc. Seed coat color of traditional landrace and improved varieties in adzuki bean is mostly red. Seed coat color of adzuki bean influences on processing quality of its paste, commodity and nutrition quality. Seed coat color of adzuki bean is an important of domestication trait and morphological marker in genetics and offspring evaluation of breeding. Seed coat pigmentation play a role in stress tolerance and resistance to disease. Cloning of seed coat color genes in adzuki bean, and analysis on their regulatory network and gene evolution are very important for explain the trait domestication, evolution and variation study, and genetically dissect regulation mechanism. This research will supply the theoretical basis for improvement of functional nutrition quality in adzuki bean.

小豆是起源中国的古老功能小杂粮作物，在营养健康、固氮养地和农业可持续发展、出口创汇方面具重要作用。世界有30多个国家种植小豆，中国是最大的生产和出口国。种皮色是重要的品质性状，与生物活性物质类黄酮和花色素代谢密切相关，类黄酮是影响种皮颜色差异的主要物质，具抗氧化性、药用价值和营养价值。野生小豆粒色绝大多数是灰底黑斑色，栽培小豆从野生小豆驯化而来，具有红、黑、白、红底黑斑、米黄、黄绿、淡褐、褐、绿、橙色、灰底黑斑等丰富粒色，传统农家品种和现代育成品种以红粒色为主。小豆粒色与豆沙加工品质、商品性和营养品质密切相关，是重要驯化性状之一、也是遗传育种研究及后代评估的重要形态标记，小豆种皮色素沉积对抗逆和抗病等也具有一定作用。小豆粒色基因克隆及其调控网络和基因进化研究对于解析小豆粒色性状驯化和基因演变、类黄酮着色遗传分子机制和代谢具有重要理论意义和实用应用价值，利于指导小豆功能营养品质育种。

小豆是起源中国的古老功能小杂粮作物，在营养健康、固氮养地和农业可持续发展、出口创汇方面具重要作用。世界有30多个国家种植小豆，中国是最大的生产和出口国。种皮色是重要的品质性状，与生物活性物质类黄酮和花色素代谢密切相关，类黄酮是影响种皮颜色差异的主要物质，具抗氧化性、药用价值和营养价值。野生小豆是灰底黑斑色粒色、半野生小豆多为灰底黑斑色、也有黑和褐粒色；从野生小豆驯化而来的栽培小豆粒色丰富，有红、黑、白、米黄、黄绿、淡褐、褐、绿、橙色、白底红斑红底黑斑、灰底黑斑等、丰富粒色，但大多数农家品种和现代育成品种红粒色为主。小豆粒色与豆沙加工品质、商品性和营养品质密切相关，是重要驯化性状之一，小豆种皮色素沉积对抗逆和抗病等也具有一定作用。小豆粒色基因克隆及其调控网络和基因进化研究对于解析小豆粒色性状驯化和基因演变、类黄酮着色遗传分子机制和代谢具有重要理论意义和实用应用价值，利于指导小豆功能营养品质育种。.项目对多个小豆粒色遗传进行分析、基因定位，进行GWAS、转录组和代谢组联合分析，克隆粒色相关候选基因，分析基因功能和网络调控，开展候选基因遗传转化验证。.（1）遗传分析20个不同粒色杂交组合，确定红、黑、淡褐、褐、绿、橙、白、红底黑斑、灰底黑斑、白底红斑的基因位点数及显隐性关系。.（2）精细定位红、黑、黑斑粒色基因.（3）克隆红、黑、黑斑粒色基因候选基因.（4）GWAS基于322份不同粒色性状显著关联三个区域，鉴定三个候选基因并用遗传分离群体进行了验证。. （5）多组学联合分析和酵母单杂解析小豆粒色调控网络，对克隆的候选基因进行基因编辑和转化验证。