近场谐振与感应耦合协同式无线电能传输的几个关键问题研究

It is more convenient for power transmission by use of wireless transmission technology in the situations which are not suitable for towing wires. There is a very attractive prospect for supplying power directly and wirelessly to movable electric vehicles. At present, it is the best way to solve the high-capacity wireless charging problem by use of cooperative operating mode of near-field resonance and inductively coupling. In this movable high-power cooperative wireless power transmission method, cooperative operating mode, magnetic shielding, long-distance and high-capacity power supply are the key foundation issues that need to be resolved. In this project, a novel cooperative operating mode of the two technologies is intensively studied under a kind of "tightly and strongly" coupling state. It is to put forward a novel model of cooperative operating mode and give full play the advantages of long-distance of near-field resonance and high-capacity of inductively coupling, that stable 20kW power is provided to the moving load within one meter spacing distance. The disturbance mechanism and loss influence of objects outside system is analyzed and movable wireless charging problem is by asymmetric electromagnetic coupling structure. In order to constraint energy supply in a limited area, a novel method with magnetic shielding is presented. The achievements of this research will provide theoretical foundation for supplying power directly to movable electric vehicles. Therefore, there is important theory meaning and practical value in this project.

无线电能传输技术特别适于不宜拖带电线的用电场合。给运动中的电动汽车直接进行无线供电具有十分诱人的应用前景。近场谐振与感应耦合协同工作是目前解决大功率无线供电问题的最佳方式。而在这种移动式大功率协同无线电能传输方法中，协同工作方式、磁屏蔽、远距离及大功率供电等均为需要解决的关键基础问题。本课题研究近场谐振与感应耦合的"紧-强"协同工作模式，建立协同工作模型，充分发挥近场谐振传输距离较远、感应耦合传输功率大的优势，实现较远距离(1米)和较大功率(20kW)的无线传输；分析传输与接收系统之外的物体对无线电能传输的扰动机理及损耗影响，通过非对称电磁耦合结构的研究解决接收端移动无线供电问题；为了将传输能量约束在有效区域，提出研究解决磁屏蔽问题的新方法。本课题的研究成果将给运动中的电动汽车直接进行无线供电奠定理论基础。因此，本课题研究具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。

本课题提出了近场谐振式与感应耦合式无线电能传输融合的协同工作方式。通过深入分析感应耦合与近场谐振无线电能传输原理及系统传输特性，基于互感理论建立了协同工作模型，推导了实现协同工作条件，得出了协同工作模式的设计方法；其次，利用耦合模理论分析了非辐射能量传输边界，得到了实现能量稳定、持续、高效交换的条件，实现了对系统传输能力的估计；然后建立了磁屏蔽系统的边界条件，在此基础上，利用场路耦合方法建立了金属障碍物影响模型，定性分析了金属障碍物在介入系统过程中的不同位置对系统磁场耦合的影响规律，实验结果显示磁导率越高的金属且距离发射端越近，对系统传输性能影响越严重。最后设计了静态与动态协同工作无线电能传输系统样机，结合对称和非对称两种能量耦合结构，对协同工作模式进行了实验验证，结果显示该方式有效的结合了近场谐振与感应耦合两种无线电能传输方式，充分发挥了近场谐振式强耦合、传输距离较远，感应耦合式紧耦合、大功率的优势，实现了紧强耦合的工作状态。对于动态无线供电方式，降低了系统在过渡阶段的充电波动程度，实现了稳定的动态无线充电过程。该方法对静态、动态和对称、非对称系统均适用。综合上述结果，本研究对解决大功率、远距离无线电能传输问题提供了理论基础，同时对电动汽车等移动负载的动态无线供电提供了方法依据。项目资助发表论文16篇，其中SCI收录6篇，EI收录14篇，中文核心期刊2篇，获国家发明专利授权5项。培养硕士研究生4名，其中1名已经取得硕士学位，3名在读。基于研究成果出版了无线电能传输领域国内第一本专著《无线电能传输技术及其应用》。