基于“风云三号”气辉观测的电离层赤道异常区水平精细结构研究

For the first time FY3D/IPM provides a successful independent far ultraviolet band optical observation of the ionosphere. IPM has the characteristics of high sensitivity that the sensitivity of a single pixel is 3 orders higher than that of GUVI in night airglow detection, and its ability of suppression of stray light outside the long wave band is about 2-3 orders higher than that of TIP. Therefore, many previously undetectable results can be found. Moreover, the orbit of FY3D which is approximately runing in the same local time and the same longitude, is very suitable for the research of high precision ionospheric zonal structure. Our study focus on investigate fine structure of equatorial ionization anomaly region after midnight using the FY3D satellite new load IPM(Ionosphere photometer) far UV detection data. Then we study OI 135.6nm nightglow global distribution, as well as the solar and geomagnetic activity dependence using both IPM observatin and other observation, such as satellite space environment load SEM and GNSS occultation load GNOS, and the observation of ground GNSS TEC. We reveal the climatology features of F layer electron concentration gradientthe in the equatorial anomaly region at nighttime and make a model to discribe that. Finally we try to improve China regional ionosphere map by assimilating the F layer electron concent gradient.

FY3D/IPM首次为我们提供了成功的自主远紫外波段电离层光学观测资料。该载荷具有灵敏度高的特点，其夜间单像元的探测灵敏度比GUVI高3个量级，在长波带外杂散光抑制方面比TIP提高了2-3个量级,所以可以发现许多以往难以探测到的结果。此外，FY3D/IPM由于其轨道特点，近似运行于同一地方时，同一经度，非常适宜研究高精度电离层的纬向结构，本项目瞄准午夜后电离层赤道异常区水平精细结构，风云三号D利用星新载荷电离层光度计远紫外探测资料，辅以已有的同星搭载的空间环境载荷和GNSS掩星载荷的观测资料，以及地面GNSS TEC和测高仪的观测深入研究OI 135.6nm夜气辉的全球分布特征，以及对太阳、地磁活动的依赖性，揭示夜间赤道异常区的F层电子浓度梯度的气候学特征并建模，并尝试利用F层电子浓度梯度的研究结果改进中国区域电离层地图。

此研究为全面探索电离层，做出了创新性的成果，对气辉全球水平精细结构及形成的物理机理进行了探讨和解释，对夜间赤道异常区电离层水平结构及对太阳活动的依赖关系开展参数化研究，对暴时和平静期的气辉响应特性进行了分析。通过该项目的执行，我们获得全球OI135.6nm日夜气辉和N2LBH带数据集，使我们对于氧氮气辉的全球分布规律和暴时响应有了更为深入和全面的认识，特别是夜间EIA的驼峰位置和强度有了全新的认识，此外，还尝试了通过气辉观测改进电离层二维和三维分布的反演效果。此研究在电离层光学探测，反演和现象、机理研究方面做出了创新性的成果，共发表相关论文16篇，其中SCI论文14篇。这些结果也为将来空间天气监测预警提供了数据和理论支持。同时本课题的结果可为国家大科学工程-子午工程二期建设以及将来我国空间天气预报业务提供了有效的分析预报手段。