基于形态和分子数据的中国季风温冰川区草螟亚科分类

Climate warming has become one of the top environmental concerns. Warming in the high-elevation region is occurring at two to three times the rate of the global average. The low- to mid- latitude temperate glacier regions are unusually sensitive to the warming, the species diversity is vulnerable to threats. The fact that China has the most low- to mid- latitude temperate glaciers, as well as the monsoonal temperate glacier region of China with exceptional pyraloid species diversity revealed by the applicant in previous research, which propel us to carry out taxonomic study on the Crambinae of the glacier region systematically. The subfamily Crambinae is affiliated with Pyraloidea, one of the most species diverse superfamilies of Lepidoptera. It is a cosmopolitan and natural monophyletic group. In China, the previous study of the subfamily was mostly focused on the low- to mid- elevation regions, while the high-elevation and unique living environment monsoonal temperate glacier region was rarely reported. To date, the taxonomy of Crambinae is mainly based on morphological characters. But some taxonomic problems, such as the intraspecific morphological variances and the interspecific phenotypic convergences etc., bring biggish difficulties and challenges to the taxonomic study. Based on the integrated application of morphological and molecular data, this project aims to carry out taxonomy of the Crambinae from monsoonal temperate glacier region, China, resolve the taxonomic difficult problems, discover and describe new and cryptic taxa, and reveal the exceptional species diversity. The results will provide scientific basis for the research concerned about pest identification, biodiversity conservation, ecological environment indicator and insect fauna etc.

气候变暖已成为全球最受关注的环境问题之一。高海拔地区的变暖速率是全球平均水平的2-3倍，尤其中低纬度温冰川区对气候变暖异常敏感，物种多样性易遭威胁。中国是中低纬度温冰川最多的国家这一事实，及申请人前期研究对季风温冰川区螟蛾独特物种多样性的揭示驱使我们去系统地开展该冰川区草螟亚科分类学研究。草螟亚科隶属于鳞翅目中物种多样性最丰富的类群之一 — 螟蛾总科，是世界性分布的自然单系类群。中国该亚科既往研究多集中于中低海拔地区，而在高海拔、生存环境独特的季风温冰川区鲜有报道。至今为止，草螟亚科分类主要基于形态性状，但物种内形态变异和物种间表型趋同等给其分类学研究带来了较大的困难和挑战。本项目将形态与分子数据整合应用于中国季风温冰川区草螟亚科分类，澄清分类学问题，发现和记述新的和隐存的分类单元，揭示其独特的物种多样性，为害虫鉴别、生物多样性保护、生态环境指示和昆虫地理区系等研究提供科学依据。

气候变暖已成为全球最受关注的环境问题之一。高海拔地区的变暖速率是全球平均水平的2-3倍，尤其中低纬度温冰川区对气候变暖异常敏感，物种多样性易遭威胁。我国是中低纬度温冰川最多的国家，及我国季风温冰川区草螟独特物种多样性驱使我们系统地开展该冰川区草螟亚科分类学研究。草螟亚科隶属于鳞翅目中物种多样性最丰富的类群之一 — 螟蛾总科。中国该亚科既往研究多集中于中低海拔地区，而在高海拔、生存环境独特的季风温冰川区鲜有报道。本项目整合应用形态分类学、DNA条形码技术、物种分布模型等对我国季风温冰川区草螟进行了分类学研究。研究发现：(1) 该区域草螟昆虫共计29属132种，包括31个青藏高原特有种、11个新种；(2) 提出了1个新组合雪莲银草螟Pseudargyria nivalis (Caradja) comb. nov.；发现1个中国新记录种褐卡拉草螟 Culladia achroella (Mabile)；(3) 首次描述弗兰克髓草螟Calamotropha franki (Caradja)、弯腔金草螟Chrysoteuchia curvicavus Song & Chen、西藏目草螟 Catoptria thibetica Bleszynski的雄性个体和栗色微草螟Glaucocharis castaneus Song & Chen的雌性个体。此外，基于COI基因片段序列的分析结果表明草螟在物种水平上的已知COI基因序列的特性与已确立的分类学观点相吻合，证实了COI基因作为DNA条形码在草螟物种鉴定中的有效性；基于草螟昆虫已知分类单元的地理分布数据，联合应用MaxEnt和地理信息系统 (GIS) 对我国草螟的地理分布进行分析得出影响我国草螟地理分布的最重要的环境因子是Bio18 (最暖季度的降雨量)，其次是Bio12 (年降雨量) 和Bio11 (最冷季度的平均温度)。本研究不仅提高了我国草螟系统分类学的研究水平，而且为害虫鉴别、生物多样性和动物地理区系等研究提供了依据。