我国花生黄曲霉毒素污染典型区毒素发生机制研究

The contamination of aflatoxins in peanut is a key risk factor which threatens safe consumption and international around the world. Owing to serious contamination in China, it is important to understand the distribution pattern and the occurrence mechanism of aflatoxin in peanut, which is prerequisite for controlling contamination and reducing consumption risk in peanut industry. According to the previous study about peanut aflatoxin contamination, this research focuses on the distribution pattern and the occurrence mechanism of aflatoxin contamination in eight typical peanut planting regions including Fuxin Liaoning, Tangshan Hebei, Zhangshu Jiangxi, Zhanjiang Guangdong and the Tibet plateau. High sensitive immunoaffinity detection technique, microbial technology and whole genome sequencing technology are applied to illustrate the risk of peanut aflatoxin contamination, the strains of fungi that produce mycotoxin and the dominant strains. It elucidates the toxigenic mechanism of strains, difference aflatoxin contamination between high altitude areas and mainland plain areas in China, which provides the theoretical basis for controlling aflatoxins and risk warning.

黄曲霉毒素污染是威胁我国花生安全消费、制约出口贸易、限制产业发展的主要风险因子。我国是花生黄曲霉毒素污染较严重的国家，明确花生黄曲霉毒素污染发生机制是控制其污染、降低消费风险的前提。本项目拟在团队前期对我国花生黄曲霉毒素污染分布研究基础上，围绕辽宁阜新（东北产区）、河北唐山（北方产区）、江西樟树（南方产区）、广东湛江（南方产区）、西藏察隅（高原产区）等8个花生黄曲霉毒素污染的典型代表区，采用高灵敏免疫亲和检测技术、微生物技术和全基因组重测序技术等，探析源头花生黄曲霉毒素污染风险，研究土壤中黄曲霉菌株分布、产毒特征、优势产毒菌等，解析菌株产毒差异的分子机制，揭示典型区花生黄曲霉毒素污染发生差异，为花生黄曲霉毒素污染防控与风险预警提供科学依据。

黄曲霉毒素污染是威胁我国花生消费安全、制约产业发展和出口贸易的主要风险因子。我国是花生黄曲霉毒素污染较严重的国家，明确花生黄曲霉毒素污染发生规律是控制其污染、降低消费风险的前提。本项目在团队前期对我国花生黄曲霉毒素污染分布研究基础上，针对我国花生主产区以及辽宁阜新、河北唐山、江西樟树、广东湛江、湖北红安等11个黄曲霉毒素污染的典型代表区，采用微生物分子生物学鉴定以及高灵敏免疫亲和检测等技术，开展了黄曲霉毒素污染状况、产毒菌株分布、产毒力与侵染力研究，及其与温度、降雨等气候因子相关性，利用全基因组测序及转录组测序技术，研究了菌株基因组和转录组间遗传变异。研究明确了我国花生黄曲霉毒素污染类型、污染程度，鉴定了1152株黄曲霉菌，探明了菌株分布差异、产毒类型及产毒力差异，绘制了毒素污染分布图及菌株分布图，明确了菌株分布、产毒力及其与气候因素相关性，初步解析了花生黄曲霉毒素污染发生差异及菌株产毒差异的分子机制，为我国花生黄曲霉毒素污染风险监测、预警与精准防控提供科学依据。