集成太阳能的低阶煤提质与发电一体化系统节能理论与性能优化研究

High-efficient utilization of low-rank coals is significant to maintain China’s energy security. In order to solve the high energy consumption and low efficiency problems in the processes of low-rank coals upgrading and power generation, a solar energy integrated low-rank coals upgrading and power generation system, taking the advantage of the abundant solar energy in the low-rank coal producing areas, would be proposed to supply electric power and high quality coals with high efficiency, and utilize solar power efficiently in the solar-coal hybrid generation system. Based on this purpose, the methods of experiments investigation, theoretical analysis, and procedure simulation would be adopted to obtain the specific solar-energy based low-rank coals upgrading process with the optimized operating temperature, the transfer and transformation regulation of energy and mass in the key units, and the influence of thermal parameters on the energy consumption and production composition. On this basis, the energy match mechanism of the complicated processes like solar-heat transformation, the pyrolysis and combustion of low-rank coals, the working medium transfer and thermal-work transformation, etc., would be investigated. Moreover, the energy conservation principle and the optimization strategy of integrated solar energy and coal based energy generation system would be expounded by the theory of physical and chemical energy comprehensive and cascade utilization. Furthermore, the comprehensive system performance criteria would be established and the optimization strategy of thermal parameter and technology process configuration about reducing the energy consumption of overall working conditions would be proposed. This research would provide the theoretical support and technical option for the coordination process of solar energy utilization, low-rank coals upgrading and power generation.

低阶煤的高效转化利用对保障我国能源安全意义重大。针对低阶煤发电效率低、热解提质能耗高的问题，兼顾低阶煤产地太阳能资源丰富的特点，本项目提出集成太阳能的低阶煤提质与发电一体化系统，以期高效生产电力和高品质煤炭，同时实现太阳能在互补系统中的高效转化。通过实验研究、理论分析、流程模拟等手段，探索集成太阳能的热解单元工艺流程及合理的运行温度，建立关键单元流动传热及能质平衡理论分析模型，获得热力参数对单元能耗水平及产物特性影响规律；探究太阳能光热转换、燃料热解及燃烧、热质输运与热功转换等复杂过程的能量互补及品位耦合机制，从物理能、化学能综合梯级利用的角度阐释系统节能机理及太阳能与煤基能源系统的集成原则；建立系统综合性能的评价准则和定量表征方法，研究系统在全工况下热力参数及流程配置的优化策略，实现系统全工况下的过程节能。研究成果将为实现低阶煤与太阳能的协同优化利用提供理论支撑及技术选项。

为提高低阶煤的利用效率，同时实现太阳能在互补系统中的高效转化，本项目提出了集成太阳能的低阶煤提质与发电一体化系统。项目采用理论分析、流程模拟、实验验证等研究手段，获得以下研究成果：（1）创新性地提出了太阳能与低阶煤源头耦合的概念，将不同类型的太阳能集热过程与不同程度的低阶煤提质过程相结合，获得提质单元能级提升利用机理；（2）提出太阳能提质与动力发电一体化系统，太阳能的引入可以有效降低动力单元的煤炭消耗，同时动力单元也可以分质、分级地回收提质过程产生的废料、废热，实现能量的综合高效利用；（3）太阳能源侧耦合方式可通过提质产物储存、煤的部分燃烧等手段平衡太阳能的波动性与间歇性，避免了太阳辐照变化对动力单元的直接影响；（4）通过太阳能驱动低阶煤提质实验，验证了低阶煤提质与太阳能高效利用的有效性。研究成果将为实现低阶煤与太阳能的协同优化利用提供理论支撑及技术选项。