微波非热效应对矿渣微晶玻璃结构与性能影响的拉曼光谱研究

The slag of paragenic and associated non-ferrous metals ore which suffered selecting and smelting can be used to product high-performance slag glass-ceramics, which is a clean and effective way to take advantage of the slag, whereas the high energy consumption related to this technology has always been the choke point that limited its development. In this research, high-performance slag glass-ceramics were prepared using microwave technology, in situ high temperature Raman technology was adopted to study the effect of microwave nonthermal effects on the microcluster structure of the high temperature glass melts and their nucleation and crystallization process, and XRD、SEM、FTIR and universal tester were also applied to analyze the correlation between the microstructure of slag glass-ceramics and slag glass-ceramics macroscopic physical properties. In these ways, we attempt to reveal the interaction mechanism between the microwave and the material in the preparation process so as to solve the key problem of high energy consumption in the theoretical level and provide experimental basis for studying and developing microwave equipment that suit the industrialized production of slag glass-ceramics.

利用共生/伴生有色金属矿采选冶废弃物制备性能优异的矿渣微晶玻璃材料是当前清洁高效利用采选冶废弃物的主要途径，但制备过程中高耗能一直是影响该技术发展的瓶颈。本研究旨在采用微波技术制备高性能矿渣微晶玻璃材料，应用原位高温拉曼技术研究微波非热效应对高温玻璃熔体团簇结构和核化晶化过程的影响，进一步结合X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱以及万能试验机等分析微晶玻璃的微观结构与宏观物理性质的关联关系，揭示微波制备材料过程中微波与物料间的相互作用机理，从理论层面上解决矿渣制备微晶玻璃高耗能的关键科学问题，为研发适合产业化生产矿渣微晶玻璃的微波设备提供实验依据。

如何高效绿色地利用尾矿、冶金渣等工业废弃物，缓解矿产资源开发和节能环保的双重压力，是当前内蒙古最大的工业城市包头迫切需要解决的难题。本项目利用微波这种具有加热速度快、体加热、高效、易于控制、清洁和可选择性加热等优点的清洁能源制备高性能矿渣微晶玻璃材料，研究微波制备矿渣微晶玻璃过程中微波对其微观结构与宏观性质的影响规律。由于采用了显微共聚焦拉曼光谱技术，并结合X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱以及万能试验机等分析测试方法，本项目取得了一些新的研究结果。例如：微波非热效应一方面能增强金属离子在矿渣微晶玻璃烧结过程中的扩散作用从而加快晶体的形成与生长，另一方面对玻璃网络整体表现为解聚作用。此外，在2.45GHz微波场中，由于吸波介质对微波的吸收能力和耦合能力的不同导致微晶玻璃的不同区域表现出不同的温度场，从而因为碱性阳离子在更高温度下的活性和扩散性更高，对矿渣微晶玻璃的微观结构和硬度产生显著影响。