基于环境与健康关联性分析的湿热地区高密度城市老旧住区景观更新指引研究——以广州为例

In the context of the vigorous promotion of “Healthy China”, this research studies on the correlation between the high-density urban residential environment and residents’ health problems, selecting the old residential areas in humid subtropical areas as research category which has a relatively prominent contradiction between the environment and health, with Guangzhou as the study sites. Through the correlation analysis between outdoor built environment in the old residential areas and the residents’ health condition, this research quantifies the correlated factors between the environment and residents’ health, then makes a correlation analysis between it and high-density urban residential landscape elements, and obtains the quantitative index of landscape elements in the old residential areas in Guangzhou. After this, with the study and localization of the international related standards of environment and health, this research concludes the updating strategies of the old residential areas in Guangzhou, and finally formulates a landscape regeneration guide on old residential areas of high-density cities in humid subtropical areas through an evidence based research based on EHIA and POE assessment system. This research studies on landscape regeneration issue in landscape architecture subject from the perspective of medical science and health, and the value of the research lies in exploring the quantitative relationship between the high-density urban environment and residents' health, looking for new ways to regenerate the landscape in old residential areas based on residents’ health, and promoting the native application of the international standards and assessment system related to environment and health.

本研究在国家大力推进“健康中国”建设的背景下探讨高密度城市人居环境与居民健康的关联性问题，选择环境与健康矛盾相对突出的湿热地区老旧住区景观更新作为研究范畴，以广州作为研究样地来源展开研究。通过构建老旧住区的室外建成环境与样地居民健康情况的关联性分析，量化得出环境与健康关联性因子；进而与高密度城市老旧住区景观要素进行关联性分析，得出与居民健康关联的景观要素量化指标；结合对国际环境与健康相关标准的本土化分析，进一步总结出以广州为例的老旧住区景观更新策略，通过构建基于EHIA和POE评估体系的循证式验证路径，最终制定基于环境与健康关联性分析的湿热地区高密度城市老旧住区景观更新指引。本研究从医学和健康视角出发来探讨风景园林学科的景观更新问题，价值在于探索高密度城市环境与居民健康关联性的量化关系，寻找基于居民健康的老旧住区景观更新的新途径，推进国际环境与健康相关标准与评估体系的本土化应用。

本研究在国家大力推进“健康中国”建设的背景下探讨高密度城市人居环境与居民健康的关联性问题，选择环境与健康矛盾相对突出的湿热地区老旧住区景观更新作为研究范畴，通过论证湿热地区高密度城市老旧社区室外建成环境中公共健康与建成环境的关联性，探讨风景园林与社区公共健康的关系作用。以广州作为研究样地来源展开研究，在选取的典型样地中测量绿地率、水体面积占比、步道密度等10个景观要素；分四季对场地的环境因子进行测量，并同步对社区居民使用SF-36量表评估身心健康状况。利用线性混合模型进行方差分析，证明了公共健康情况与室外建成环境存在着紧密的关联性。研究进一步分析健康与环境关联性中各因子之间的权重及形成与作用机制，采用中介效应分析解析景观要素以环境因子为中介对公共健康的影响。并依此提出对湿热地区高密度城市老旧社区室外建成环境更新工作的策略性建议，为风景园林在社区尺度中改善和提升公共健康水平提供理论基础。