基于微量元素形态分析探讨黄芩主要药效的物质基础

Trace elements and human health are closely related, it is significant in the prevention and treatment of disease. Due to its different forms, its pharmacology and absorption capacity of the body are very different. Research in the past only paid attention to the relationship between element types and amounts and the biological activity of medicinal plants, obviously which is unable to meet clinical need. Speciation analysis of trace elements in traditional Chinese medicine is a new cross-cutting field, and it is the important complement and development for effective component research of Chinese herbal medicine at present. This research will choose scutellaria Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi as an object, based on primary speciation of elements analysis of scutellaria Scutellaria baicalensis, further study the secondary-level speciation analysis of the soluble states in water decoction, and investigate the specific combination form of trace elements in artificial gastrointestinal liquid. Combinating antibacterial, anti-virus and anti-oxidation experiments, the relationship between existing forms of trace elements and main pharmacology will be preliminary discussed, and the material basis of main pharmacology will be clarified. Model study on the subject of scutellaria Scutellaria baicalensis is designed to reveal the rules on the synergistic or antagonistic effects between trace elements and organic constituents, to provide the theoretical basis on their relationship between trace elements and the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine, to provide the technical support for discovering the new drugs of traditional Chinese medicine and improving the efficacy of existing drugs.

微量元素与人体健康密切相关，它在疾病的防治方面意义重大。其存在形态不同，呈现出的药理作用、被人体吸收的程度均有很大差别。过去研究中，仅将元素种类和总量与药材的生物活性相联系的思路，显然不能满足临床治疗的需要。中药微量元素形态分析属于一新型交叉领域，是对现阶段中药有效成分研究中的一个重要补充和发展。本研究以黄芩作为研究对象，在微量元素初级形态分析的基础上，进一步对黄芩水煎液的元素可溶态进行次级形态研究，考察微量元素的在人工胃肠液中的具体结合形式，结合黄芩中黄酮类定性定量分析，以及抗菌、抗病毒和抗氧化实验，初步探讨微量元素存在形式与黄芩主要药理作用的关系，以及其主要药理作用的物质基础。本课题通过黄芩的示范研究，旨在揭示中药中微量元素与有机成分协同或拮抗作用的规律，为从本质上搞清微量元素与中药药效的关系提供理论依据，为中药新药的发现及现有药物疗效

本课题首次研究元素形态与黄芩主要药效的关联程度，从多个角度阐明除黄芩黄酮外，黄酮与金属离子的配合物也是黄芩发挥药效的重要物质基础。主要研究结果归纳如下：（1）建立同时检测黄芩中4种主要黄酮成分含量的方法，该方法快速获得了不同产地黄芩中黄酮的含量特征，该方法是黄芩质量评价的一种快速简便、准确可靠的检测方法。（2）元素形态分析的结果表明，10批次黄芩的可溶态元素中Ca、Mg、Mn的存在形式主要是无机态、离子态和非稳定态，所占比例高达90%以上；而Cu、Fe、Zn元素存在12%～40%比例的有机态、非离子态和稳定态。配位研究进一步说明在黄芩根中，Cu元素主要是与四种黄芩黄酮形成了稳定的配合物， Fe、Zn元素主要是与黄芩素形成了稳定的配合物。（3）通过黄酮含量值、各元素形态的含量值与黄芩药理作用的关联性分析，首次发现Cu的络合物是抗病毒作用的重要物质基础，同时还发现Cu、Fe络合物分别是清除DPPH和AAPH自由基的重要物质基础。本研究结果为中药药效物质基础研究提供了一种新思路，从新角度丰富了中药材物质基础的研究内容。（4）在国内外专业杂志上已发表论文8篇，其中SCI论文4篇。