地铁特殊结构约束下客流疏运动力学特征与组织干预策略研究

Metro is characterized as heavily crowded underground space where in case of the emergency event, large number of casualties probably happened. Therefore, the government and enterprises pay great attention to the large passenger transportation of the metro. The transportation of the metro has two distinct characteristics compared with regular evacuation: first, there is such a long way upward for the passengers to reach the safe area by taking stairs (or non-working elevators); second, for the trains are occasionally forced to stop in the tunnel, special platforms are needed for the long-narrow tunnel evacuation. Aiming at the passenger transportation dynamics in the two specific circumstances of the metro, this project will carry out the experiments of crowd moving upward by taking stairs and through multiple vertical entrances to long-narrow tunnel, working out that under non-stop condition, the law of the parameters like the moving speed of high density crowd, density and crowd pressure change with the time of walking, the height of the stairs, heterogeneous individuals distribution, exploring the law of the accumulation and propagation of crowd pressure in the process of multiple direction crowd gathering in a narrow and restricted space and its impact to the evacuation activity. Basing on the specific feature of the accumulation and distribution of force, quantifying the interacting rules of force between crowds, between crowd and circumstance, establishing the model of upward evacuation by stairs and evacuation in a long narrow tunnel by vertical entrance. According to the data of the model, optimize the organization strategy in metro evacuation with construction of several flights of stairs and the tunnel. The research findings can help to understand the dynamic law of the passenger transportation of the metro and provide the technological support to the safe transportation of metro passengers.

地铁属于人员高度聚集的地下空间，一旦突发事件，容易导致群死群伤事故，.因此地铁大客流疏运安全是政府和企业的关心的重点。本项目针对连续长距离上行疏运和区间隧道平台疏运这两类地铁特殊建筑环境下人群疏运过程，开展人群台阶上行实验及多垂直入口狭长通道混合流实验，揭示在连续上行条件下，高密度人群运动速度、密度、群体间压力分布等特征参数随台阶结构、台阶数量、异质个体分布的变化规律，探索狭窄受限空间范围内多向人流混合过程中的群集压力的积累传播规律及其对人群疏运行为的影响规律，基于力的积累传播特性，量化人群之间、人群与环境之间力的作用规则，建立台阶上行人群疏运模型及多垂直入口狭长通道人群疏运模型，基于模型计算结果，提出可应用于具有多层结构的深埋地铁车站及地铁隧道平台的优化疏运组织策略并进行实践测试。研究成果有助于深入理解地铁特有建筑环境下的人群疏运动力学规律，可为地铁客流安全疏运提供科学依据和技术支撑。

地铁属于人员高度聚集的地下空间，一旦突发事件，容易导致群死群伤事故，因此地铁大客流疏运安全是政府和企业的关心的重点。本项目建立了考虑绕行行为的元胞自动机模型（DCA模型），模型解决了经典模型中人群呈现矩形分布的不合理现象以及不合理后退行为。模型发展了元胞自动机模型，并可与其他元胞自动机模型方法结合，用于地铁大客流疏运研究；研究了地铁站台导流栏杆对人员疏散时间的影响，结果表明随着固定导流栏杆长度的增加，人员安全疏散时间增加，合理设置可推拉导流栏杆时的人员疏散时间小于设固定导流栏杆时的疏散时间，提高了人员疏散效率，研究结果可对站台导流栏杆设置及优化提供参考建议；研究了区间侧向平台疏散模式下车门开启方式对疏散过程及结果的影响，结果表明在区间平台疏散过程中，仅开启第一节车厢的第1扇车门和打开多扇车门在疏散乘客的效果上差不多，甚至仅开启第一节车厢的第1扇车门时，乘客疏散可能更快一些，该结果可为运营单位制定相关应急预案提供参考。当开启多扇车门进行疏散时，实际上车厢内大约有80%的乘客是通过第一节车厢第1扇车门疏散出去的。因此，做好该处车门的客流疏导工作，是保障车厢内人员快速疏散的关键点；利用柔性织物压力传感器开展了一系列可控实验研究了人群压力传播特征，结果发现多个体在受到接触力后表现出一定的运动特征，多个体的驱动距离随着所受接触力的增大而保持增大的趋势，同时发现了多个体在受到接触力后力的传递性，并且这种传递性表现出线性数值关系；研究了人群密度与接触力之间的变化规律，结果表明静止状态下，接触力随着空间占有率的增大而增大，运动状态下接触力都随着速度的增大而增大，尝试性地用多项式建立了接触力、速度和空间占有率之间的数值关系，这些结果可用来验证和校准模型。研究成果有助于深入理解地铁特有建筑环境下的人群疏运动力学规律，可为地铁客流安全疏运提供科学依据和技术支撑。