异质性资源禀赋下城市生态效率度量、空间溢出及其驱动机制研究

In China, the growing environmental pollution in urban region has highlighted the urgency to enhance eco-efficiency and build ecological civilization. To ameliorate the intensive regional differentiation of urban eco-efficiency, it is worth studying how to measure eco-efficiency accurately by considering the heterogeneity of resource endowment, and how the interaction between the cities influences urban eco-efficiency, then exploring how to enhance eco-efficiency by making full use of spatial spillover effect. . Aiming to solve above important problems, this project will make effort in the following aspects. First, by using cluster analysis, cities will be classified into several groups according to heterogeneous resource endowment. A new data envelopment analysis model that considers both the metafrontier and super-efficiency will be put forward to measure urban eco-efficiency. Then its spatial-temporal dynamics will be investigated. Second, based on theories and empirical tests, the spatial spillover features of urban eco-efficiency will be discussed, and the driving forces and its mechanism of eco-efficiency’s spatial spillover will be revealed. Third, by using scenario analysis and analogue simulation, the way of increasing urban eco-efficiency will be analyzed under the economic ‘new normal’. . The project will propose a new method to measure urban eco-efficiency by considering the heterogeneity of resource endowment, and construct a driving model of eco-efficiency’s spatial spillover from the perspective of melting glaciers effect and other effects, based on the heterogeneous resource endowment and a new metafrontier model. Our research will provide advice for designing policy goals of city, selecting the right way to improve eco-efficiency, etc.

日趋严重的城市环境污染凸显了加快提升生态效率、全力建设生态文明的紧迫性。针对生态效率区域分化加剧等问题，必须充分考虑资源禀赋等差异以准确测度城市生态效率，进而研究城市间的空间交互作用如何影响生态效率，探索如何利用空间溢出效应提升生态效率。.针对前述亟待解决的重大问题和现有研究的薄弱环节，本项目将开展以下工作：基于异质性资源禀赋等因素对全国城市进行聚类分组，提出共同前沿超效率模型度量城市生态效率，研究其时空演变规律；基于理论模型和实证分析考察城市生态效率的影响因素及空间溢出特征，揭示生态效率空间溢出的各种驱动机制和驱动因素；利用情景分析等方法探讨新常态下城市生态效率的提升途径。.本项目提出了异质性资源禀赋下度量城市生态效率的新方法，从冰山融化效应、邻近竞争效应等方面构建生态效率空间溢出的驱动模型并揭示驱动机制，将为城市设计有关政策调控目标、选择生态效率提升途径和完善配套机制措施等提供新依据。

本课题从城市生态效率的角度对中国绿色发展进行全面系统而深入地研究。在现有文献基础上，课题组探讨了生态效率的理论内涵，兼顾异质性技术、跨期可比性、非期望产出和全面识别等问题，提出更全面准确的数据包络分析模型以测算城市生态效率及其子效率，深入考察生态效率及其子效率的空间集聚、时空跃迁和影响因素。借鉴前沿的空间计量理论，创新性地提出城市生态效率空间溢出的测度方法，并识别和研究了城市生态效率空间溢出的驱动机制。考察了生态效率的（空间）收敛机理和特征，提出了优化生态效率的若干对策建议。. 本课题的重要研究结果如下。第一，采用凸共同前沿技术会低估城市生态效率的结果，且理论证明和实证分析结果均表明基于SBM模型测度的生态效率显著小于基于DDF模型测度的生态效率。第二，研究样本期间，生态效率呈现先降后升的“U”型变化趋势，而且具有显著的区域异质性，与中西部城市、非重点城市、资源型城市和非两控区城市相比，东部城市、重点城市、非资源型城市和两控区城市的生态效率跨期增长更加明显。不考虑空间溢出时，城市生态效率具有阶段性的σ收敛和γ收敛特征，考虑空间溢出条件后，城市生态效率具有显著的俱乐部β收敛特征。生态效率跨期增长更快的重点城市和非资源型城市反而具有更慢的生态效率收敛速度。第三，区域竞争、环境规制（环境信息披露）、FDI、集聚动态外部性和交通发展是影响城市生态效率提升的关键因素。