小麦条锈菌高致病性新致病类群V26的流行预测

Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striifomis f.sp. tritici, is one of the most important diseases on wheat worldwide. Breeding and use of resistant wheat cultivars is the most economical and environmentally friendly method of controlling this disease. Resistances of wheat cultivars were easily overcome by new virulences or new physiological races, which caused great deal losses of wheat when severe epidemic occured. The virulence to Yr26 (Stock No. 09-6-16-3, abbr. V26) was first reported in 2010, and potential threats were shown due to the continuous detection of V26 in Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Tibet, Xinjiang Yr samples in 2010-2012 seasons. Genetic variations were found for V26 and its derivatives in combination with virulence to Yr10. Facing to this situation, the new virulence structure and its evolution, origin of virulence to Yr26 and phylogeny, fitness of V26 and eclogical adaptation to leading cultivars should be investigated to forecast the potential probability and development of epidemics, which would provide an insight to disease epidemics and reasonable distribution of resistance genes for wheat stripe rust at a country scale.

小麦条锈病是影响我国小麦生产的首要病害，培育和利用抗病品种是最为经济、有效、安全的防治措施。小麦品种抗病性常常因病菌毒性变异而丧失，从而酿成病害大流行。2010年在国际上首次发现能克服Yr26的小麦条锈菌菌株（09-6-16-3，简称V26），目前在四川、甘肃、陕西、青海、西藏、新疆等地均可监测到V26类型，存在着丰富的遗传分化，已成为一个新类群，表明其存在潜在的扩散与危害风险。本研究以小麦条锈菌新致病类群V26的发展潜能为目标，系统开展毒性结构与进化、致病性特点、寄生适合度及其生态适应性研究，预测其发生流行的潜在可能性及其发生发展趋势，为病害流行预测和品种合理布局提供科学依据。

申请者2010年在国际上首次发现能克服Yr26的小麦条锈菌菌株（09-6-16-3，简称V26），目前在四川、甘肃、陕西、青海、西藏、新疆等地均可监测到V26类型，存在着丰富的遗传分化，已成为一个新类群，表明其存在潜在的扩散与危害风险。本研究通过对小麦条锈菌新致病类群V26及优势小种为对象，研究了其毒性特点、致病性、寄生适合度及其对温度和光照的生态适应性，对其发生流行的潜在可能性及其发生发展趋势进行了分析，获得了寄生适合度的快速测定方法，明确了部分小麦品种的抗病性特点及抗条锈基因，为病害流行预测和品种合理布局提供科学依据。