城市地下空间开发灾变机理与安全控制理论

The highly operational requirements and the extremely fragile infrastructural environment is a contradiction in big cities. The development of urban underground intensifies the contradiction, which in turn cause various types of accidents and even catastrophe. In order to safeguard the development of urban underground, the safety of construction, environment and rescue should be considered simultaneously. In this research, three typical failure mechanisms associated with urban underground construction, including ground failure, seepage failure and support structure failure, will be studied. A "ground-structure" model will be proposed to study the ground deformation and failure characteristics due to infrastructure construction. A mechanical model, considering the static and dynamic response characteristics of urban underground infrastructure construction, will be proposed to investigate the chain transmission process produced by the original disaster. Moreover, the related catastrophe chain breakage method will be illustrated. Considering the evolution process of the catastrophe and the inherent complexity of the rescue process, the perturbation model will be established to evaluate the stability and safety of the system. Based on the features of the characteristic parameters in the evolution process of the catastrophe, the staged evaluation and dynamic control method will be established to make an early warning system for precise control.

在城市高可靠性运行要求与极度脆弱的基础设施环境条件之下，城市地下空间开发无疑将使这一矛盾更加突出，主要表现为施工诱发各类安全事故和灾害。为了实现城市地下空间的安全开发，必须做到工程安全、环境安全和灾变救援过程安全。为此，本项目针对我国的三种典型城市地层条件，基于地层失稳、水致诱发和支护结构失效等三种诱灾模式及其耦合作用，建立相应力学模型，以揭示工程灾害的演化过程和致灾机理；针对施工诱发地层变形与破坏的传导模式，建立“地层-结构”动态作用模型，以揭示环境灾害的成灾机理；针对原生灾害类型确定灾变链传导模式，结合基础设施网络结构特点，建立网络结构的静动力响应模型，以揭示各类衍/次生灾害的形成机制，并提出灾变链阻断方式；针对灾变演化及救灾过程的复杂系统，建立摄动效应模型对系统稳定性和安全性作出评价；针对灾变过程中特征参数的演化特点，建立分阶段评估和鲁棒性动态调控方法，构建精准控制的预警报警体系。

在城市高可靠性的运行要求与极度脆弱的基础设施环境条件之下，城市地下空间开发无疑将使这一矛盾更加突出，主要表现为施工诱发各类安全事故和灾害。为了实现城市地下空间的安全开发，必须要做到工程安全、环境安全和灾变救援过程安全。为此，本项目针对我国的三种典型城市地层条件，基于地层失稳、水致诱发和支护结构失效等三种典型诱灾模式及其耦合作用，建立了相应的力学分析模型，揭示了典型工程灾害的演化过程和致灾机理；针对施工诱发地层变形与破坏的传导模式，建立了“地层-结构”动态作用模型，揭示了环境灾害的成灾机理；针对工程灾变传导引起环境灾变的链式效应，明确了灾变链的内涵，并提出灾变链的三种阻断方式；针对灾变演化及救灾过程的复杂系统，建立了城市地下工程施工安全过程控制理论和方法，据此提出了透明施工技术，实现了城市复杂条件地下工程施工安全精细化过程控制。