南海北部深海真菌的多样性及其生物学功能研究

Much literatures reported that an increasing number of novel chemical compounds with bioactivity were derived from marine fungi. However, most of the marine fungi were isolated in shadow-sea environments; And with the deep research of marine fungi, the probability of finding new chemical compounds with bioactivity from shadow-sea environments was declining over year. So obtaining diverse fungal communities in deep-sea environments is an effective channel to quickly find new chemical compounds with bioactivity. .In 2011, forty-one fungal strains were isolated from 8 deep-sea sediment samples in the northern South China Sea, and the 41 strains were identified by morphological analysis and molecular methods, belonging to 15 genera and species. Which showed that there were abundant and diverse fungal communities in the deep-sea sediments from the northern South China Sea. In consideration of poor knowledge and few papers about deep-sea fungi from the northern South China Sea, the diversity of deep-sea fungi from the northern South China Sea will be investigated by culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Moreover, a special and diverse deep-sea fungal resources bank will be set up after all the cultured fungal isolates were identified by morphological analysis and molecular method. and agar diffusion bioassay. Followed by, a crude extract resource bank of fungal strain fermentation broths with actimicrobial activity by one strain many compounds approach；And a HPLC fingerprint analytical graph bank and a biological function information bank will be set up after all the crude extracts were determined and screened with antifouling and antitumor activities . These will build up a good basis for researching and developing in deep-sea fungal resources.

大量文献报道了很多活性新化合物来源于海洋真菌。然而，大部分研究局限于浅海真菌。随着研究的深入，从浅海真菌中发现活性新化合物的几率逐年下降。获取种群多样的深海真菌资源是快速找到活性新化合物的有效途径。我们前期从8个南海北部深海沉积物中分离并鉴定了15个种属的41株真菌。鉴于目前国内外对深海真菌了解较少，且尚未有南海深海真菌多样性的报道。本项目将在此基础上，通过中科院南海所的南海北部航次，采集深海沉积物样品；并采用独特的分离培养方法和分子微生物生态技术系统调查南海北部深海真菌的多样性和独特性。同时，本项目还将应用琼脂块扩散法快速筛选抗菌活性菌株，建立活性真菌资源库；然后采用单菌多次级代谢产物策略发酵活性菌株，建立活性菌株发酵粗提物库；并对粗提物进行HPLC分析及其生物学功能研究，建立活性菌株发酵粗提物的HPLC分析图谱库及其生物学功能信息库。为深海真菌资源的开发利用奠定良好的基础。

大量文献报道了很多活性新化合物来源于海洋真菌。然而，大部分研究局限于浅海真菌。随着研究的深入，从浅海真菌中发现活性新化合物的几率逐年下降。获取种群多样的深海真菌资源是快速找到活性新化合物的有效途径。本项目通过中国科学院南海海洋研究所的南海北部航次，采集了21个南海北部深海沉积物样品。综合采用可培养和免培养方法系统调查了南海北部深海真菌的多样性。结果显示这21个样品中含有的43个可培养不同真菌种属和45个真菌分类单元（OTUs）。所有的可培养真菌和大部分免培养真菌属于子囊菌和担子菌门，剩余的2个免培养真菌分类单元属于结合菌门。同时，本项目应用琼脂块扩散法快速从近200株可培养真菌中筛选出40株具有抗菌活性的活性菌株，建立了活性真菌资源库。然后采用单菌多次级代谢产物策略发酵活性菌株，建立含320个活性菌株发酵粗提物库，并对粗提物进行HPLC分析及其生物学功能（抗海洋污损和抗肿瘤活性）研究。结果显示17.5%的粗提物既有显著抗多室草苔虫附着活性，12.5%的粗提物既有显著抗藤壶幼虫附着活性和64%的粗提物具有抗肿瘤活性。本项目的研究为学科组进行后续的活性代谢产物的获取提供了良好的资源和理论依据，同时也为深海真菌资源的开发利用奠定良好的基础。