“三生”空间耦合机理及规划方法研究——以四川地震灾区为例

The concept of innovation, coordination, green , opening and sharing requests to renew the planning ideas and improve the planning methods in order to create reasonable space structure, realize the intensive and efficient production space, livable and modest life space and picturesque ecology space. Therefore, to carry out relevant researches from the view of Production-Life-Ecology (PLE) space to form systematic theory and planning method of PLE space is becoming an urgent need. However there was lack of the relevant basic theory researches domestic and overseas such as space coupling mechanism, so the exploration of the essential characteristics and inner relationship of the PLE space is growing into the key point. The reconstruction works of earthquake disaster areas of Wenchuan and Lushan were embodiment of the wisdom of planners domestic and abroad and gathered precious experiences which could provide a large number of typical and representative evidences to evaluate of planning performance and innovate the planning theory. This research would take the earthquake disaster areas in Sichuan as examples, study its space maps, set up the space coupling model, explore the space coupling mechanism and construct the coupling theory of PLE space initially. Based on this theory the planning methods would be discussed to provide reference for further post-disaster reconstruction planning, provide method guidance for integration of multi-plans and moreover provide theory support for urban and rural planning.

创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享发展理念要求更新规划理论，改进规划方法，以形成合理的城乡空间结构、促进生产空间集约高效、生活空间宜居适度、生态空间山清水秀。为此，亟需从生产空间、生活空间、生态空间（“三生”空间）视角开展相关研究，形成系统的“三生”空间理论和规划方法。而目前国内外相关研究领域缺乏诸如空间耦合机理的基础性理论研究，探究“三生”空间的本质特征与内在联系成为问题的关键。汶川、芦山地震灾区所实施的灾后重建规划凝聚了国内外规划工作者的智慧，积累了弥足珍贵的经验，可在评估规划绩效、创新规划理论方法等方面提供大量典型性、代表性实证。本研究拟以四川地震灾区为案例，研究灾区空间图谱，建立空间耦合模型，寻找空间耦合机理，初步建构“三生”空间耦合理论，并探讨基于该理论的规划方法，可为今后的灾后重建规划提供借鉴，更可为“多规合一”为目标的城乡规划提供理论支撑与方法指导。

本项目是在创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享发展理念指导下，结合中央更新规划理论、改进规划方法的规划要求，依托汶川地震灾区灾后重建开展的“三生”空间”耦合理论与实践研究。取得的系列研究结果包括：①建立了“生命周期—关键技术—规划内容”三维结构模型，为震后重建规划提供了理论与方法指导；②突破了震后重建规划编制系列关键技术，如震后地质灾害评价预测评价时间由1 个月左右缩短至48 小时，为规划的应急编制提供了科学支撑；③创建了地震灾后重建规划应急并行实施机制，为重建项目协同高效推进提供了技术保障；④以极重灾区都江堰市为案例，提出了基于“三生”空间耦合机理的划定方法，确定城市开发边界，形成各方共识的 “一张规划图”。项目的科学意义在于揭示了震后城乡重建规划规律，填补了震后城乡重建规划实践系统理论的空白，拓展了城乡规划学科体系，实现了重建规划编制的针对性、有序性和有效性，在汶川、芦山、九寨沟等地震灾后重建工作中广泛应用，为玉树、鲁甸、尼泊尔等地震重建规划提供了技术支持。