前驱体溶液一步组装多功能纳米结构薄膜、结构与性能关系及其在光电器件中的应用

Aiming at widely applicable functional nanostructured metal oxide thin films (especially mechanically robust, long-lasting broadband antireflective self-cleaning thin films), this project will carry out the research of "One-step Assembly of Multifuntional Nanostructured Thin Films, Structure-property Relationship and their Applications in Optoelectronic Devices". In this project, we will develop novel approaches to directly assemble nanostructured metal oxide and mixed metal oxides thin films, especially mechanically robust, long-lasting broadband antireflective self-cleaning thin films, simply from precursor solutions. The design principle, realization route and formation mechanism of nanostructured thin films will be explored in detail. The intrinsic relationships of thin film properties (optical, wetting properties) and their stability and thin film mechanical robustness will be unveiled with thin film nanostructure, composition and assembling parameters. The challenges of simultaneously enhancing antireflective and self-cleaning properties and short properties lifetimes will be met. The intrinsic mechanisms of high robustness, long-lasting properties and good weatherability will also be unveiled. Through all these efforts, we will eventually realize mechanically robust, long-lasting broadband nearly zero reflection, highly transparent and self-cleaning multifunctional nanostructured thin films and their large-area fabrication. We will also preliminarily study the optoelectronic and sensing properties of metal oxide and mixed metal oxide thin films for later studies and future applications.

本申请项目针对应用前景广阔的氧化物功能纳米结构薄膜（尤其是高强、长效、耐候宽光谱近零反射、高增透、自清洁薄膜）的组装及应用，拟开展“前躯体溶液一步组装多功能纳米结构薄膜、结构与性能关系及其在光电器件中的应用”研究。本项目拟发展前躯体溶液一步组装氧化物和复合氧化物多功能纳米结构薄膜的新方法和新技术，尤其是组装高强、长效和耐候宽光谱减反增透自清洁薄膜的新方法和新技术。探明纳米结构的设计原理、实现途径及形成机制，揭示薄膜的光学性能、表面润湿性能及其长效性、耐候性、机械性能与薄膜纳米结构、组成成分和组装条件的内在关系，克服减反增透性能和自清洁性能难以同时提高和长效性差的难题，探明薄膜高强度、长效性和耐候性的内在机制，并最终实现高强、长效、耐候宽光谱近零反射、高增透、自清洁多功能纳米结构薄膜及其大面积制备。初步研究氧化物和复合氧化物纳米结构薄膜的光电性能和传感性能，为其后续研究和应用提供探索和积累。

通过项目实施，深入研究了一步组装制备新方法（POA）及其应用，包括孔径尺寸的调控，薄膜结构、形貌、厚度、孔隙率和折射率的调控，制备了具有梯度折射率的减反增透薄膜。探明了薄膜纳米结构与组装制备条件的关系及薄膜纳米结构的形成机制。探明了薄膜的光学性能（反射率、透射率、光谱形状等）与纳米结构、组装制备条件的关系及调控薄膜光学性能的机制与途径，实现了对薄膜光学性能的精细调控，获得了宽光谱近零反射、高增透的纳孔二氧化硅薄膜。结合理论计算，通过浸涂、喷涂或者组装特定成分、结构和形貌的纳米粒子，在薄膜表面构筑一定成分的阶层纳米结构和表面粗糙度，在保持薄膜高透射率的同时，实现了长效的超亲水自清洁防雾性能、超疏水自清洁性能、超双疏自清洁性能、抗细菌粘附及抗菌性能、热至变色节能性能等，获得了超亲水自清洁减反增透薄膜、超疏水自清洁减反增透薄膜、超双疏自清洁减反增透薄膜、减反增透抗菌薄膜、低细菌粘附抗菌超疏水减反增透薄膜、具有节能作用的减反增透热色薄膜、具有节能作用的减反增透防雾热色薄膜等等。探明了薄膜成分、结构和形貌与减反增透及自清洁等性能的关系及提高薄膜减反增透及自清洁等性能的途径和机制。通过调控薄膜成分和后处理条件，显著提高了薄膜的机械性能，包括硬度、附着力及耐刮、耐磨、耐沙冲击、耐擦洗、耐候性能等，并探明了机械强度和附着力的增强机理。在此基础上通过一步组装制备新方法（POA）实现了减反增透薄膜的大面积制备（150cmX80cm）。