荷电水雾振弦纤维栅除尘技术理论及应用基础研究

With the rapid development of industrialization, electrostatic precipitator（ESP） or wet dust collector because of their own problems respectively is difficult to meet the requirements of fine dust control. The initial stage of vibrating grid dedusting with charged fog is in the application study, although there have been some successful application. But it is lack of research on the mechanism of this kind of charged fog vibrating grid filtration technology, especially of discussing the mechanism of comprehensive effect from both charged spray, electric current and charge electric flow vibrating string filter. The combined effect of dust removal mechanism and influence each other are studied from not only charged fog, but also vibrating fiber grid dust collector, based on the theory and method of charged fog and string vibration fiber grid dust removal technology. The strong ionization discharge, water jet corona discharge, the structure and spacing of both spray nozzle, corona pole and string vibration fiber grid are searched. The effects of electricity hydromechanics field are probed into the water mist, charged particle coagulation, particle filter block, and collection efficiency is analyzed under different conditions. On the basis of the above research, the structure optimization of the composite dust removal equipment is further studied in order to enhance the research of practical value. A new optimization of the composite collector structure model is put forward initially, trying to establish the theoretical system of the charged fog vibrating grid dust collector, improving the theory and application of the existing electrostatic precipitator.

随着工业化的迅速发展，电除尘或湿式除尘因其各自存在的不足难以满足对微细粉尘控制的要求。荷电水雾振弦栅除尘目前尚处于应用研究的初始阶段,尽管已有了一些成功的应用，但人们缺乏对这一类除尘技术的机理性研究，尤其是对荷电水雾、电力电流及荷电气流振弦过滤等作用机理的综合性影响等方面的探讨。 本项目拟基于荷电水雾和振弦纤维栅过滤除尘技术的理论和方法，从理论上重点研究荷电水雾振弦纤维栅除尘器的除尘机理及不同除尘机理的联合作用和相互影响，探讨强电离放电、水雾射流电晕荷电、水雾喷嘴与电晕极及振弦纤维栅的结构与间距，分析电流体力场中水雾、荷电粒子凝并、粒子的阻截、过滤作用等机理，以及不同工况条件对收集效率的影响分析，在上述研究的基础上，对该复合除尘设备的结构优化作进一步的研究，以提升研究成果的实用价值。初步提出一种具有优化结构的该复合除尘器新模型，试图建立该复合除尘的理论体系，完善现有电除尘技术的理论及应用。

传统的除尘技术对于微细粉尘的治理难以达到人们预期的降尘效果。荷电水雾振弦纤维栅过滤除尘技术对微细粉尘的治理具有应用范围广、净化效率高、结构简单等优势。本课题进行了该除尘技术的理论和试验研究工作，并取得了以下研究成果：①气水混合体放电的基本粒子以负离子占多数，水分子电负性较强。气水混合体放电比空气放电能产生更多的物种，离子和电子的复合系数增大。水雾对电子亲和力高和迁移率低，水雾荷电除尘有更高的电压，对改善除尘性能是有利的。②研究了电晕电压对水雾荷质比、水雾云电流及水雾云的影响规律。有效提高了水雾荷质比，使得荷电水雾振弦纤维栅过滤除尘器的降尘效率增大。构建了水雾的荷质比与射流通过射流芒刺电晕极的规律性。③分析了正交实验结果显著性影响因素，得出了该除尘技术的各影响因素的规律。获得了密集纤维栅捕尘机理，表明共振振幅与外界、纤维栅结构及材料因素直接相关；采用微元分析法得到密集振弦纤维栅捕集效率计算式。④研究了纤维栅上含尘水膜沉降规律，表明其质量流量与纤维间隙呈负相关。利用高倍相机采集试验后纤维栅上含尘水珠照片，观察得出含尘水珠在纤维栅上的堆积特点。⑤不同材料纤维栅在有喷雾时的电晕电流相近，但其值均大于无喷雾状态，表明了水雾可以提高粉尘荷电效率并提升纤维栅的捕集荷电含尘水雾能力，且降低了对纤维栅材料的要求，带电条件有助于提高纤维栅除尘效率。⑥进行了流场、电流场及部分影响除尘效果因素的模拟研究。加入喷雾后该除尘器对粉尘粒子捕集效果有明显的提高。⑦提出了将降尘机理划分为荷电水雾降尘和湿式振弦栅降尘机理。推导出荷电水雾振弦纤维栅过滤除尘器的总降尘效率。从机理上探讨了该除尘技术的优势。⑧在国内外期刊发表学术论文20篇，其中被SCI二区收录1篇、EI收录5篇，国内核心期刊9篇；出版学术专著1部。以本课题为依托，已经培养硕士研究生4名。