低阻文丘里静电水膜除尘技术理论及应用基础研究

With the increasingly stringency of environmental standards, electrostatic precipitator（ESP） or wet dust collector because of their own problems respectively is difficult to meet the requirements of fine dust control. The initial stage of low resistivity venturi of electrostatic precipitator with water film was still used to remove dust in the application study, although there have been some successful application. But it is lack of research on the mechanism of this kind of venturi of electrostatic precipitator with water film, especially of discussing the mechanism of comprehensive effect from both electric current, three dimensional flow field and mechanism of electrostatic collecting dust with water film etc. comprehensive effects.. The combined effects of mechanism and influence of dust removal are studied from both vibrating fiber grid in venturi dust collector, and mechanism of electrostatic collector dust with water film, based on the theory and method of wet electrostatic precipitator and technology of dust collector with water film. Not only the cloud type atomization and dust mist coupling mechanism of vibrating string in venturi tube , the width spacing of electric field, the corona wire and water-film dust configuration, but also dust removal and desulfurization characteristics of alkaline water conditions are all explored. The flow characteristics of gas-liquid-solid three-phase in the electric field, characteristics of liquid film thickness, uniformity and stability, high voltage electrostatic insulation on condition of high humidity, ion wind and centrifugal force to fine-grain trapping influence rule and water film clear ash are all analyzed and studied. And the mathematical model of water film cleaning is established. On the basis of the above research, the structure optimization of composite dust removal equipment is further studied in order to enhance the research of practical value. A new optimization of the composite collector structure model is put forward initially, trying to establish the theoretical system of the low resistivity venturi of electrostatic precipitator with water film, improving the theory and application of the existing electrostatic precipitator.

随着环保标准的日益严格，电除尘及水膜除尘因其各自存在的不足难以满足对微细粉尘的控制。低阻文丘里静电水膜除尘尚处于应用研究的初始阶段,但缺乏对这类除尘技术的机理性研究，尤其是对三维流场及静电水膜除尘等作用机理的综合性影响的探讨。.本项目基于湿式电除尘和水膜除尘技术的理论和方法，从理论上重点研究低阻文丘里静电水膜除尘器的除尘机理及不同除尘机理的联合作用和相互影响，探讨文丘里管内设置振弦栅的云式雾化、尘雾耦合凝并机理，宽间距电场、电晕极与水膜收尘极匹配，及除尘特性；分析气液固三相流场特性、水膜厚度、均匀性及稳定性，研究高湿度情况下高压静电绝缘、电场力、离子风及离心力对细颗粒物捕集规律，建立水膜清灰的数学模型；在此基础上，该复合除尘设备的结构优化研究，以提升研究成果的实用价值。提出一种具有优化结构的低阻文丘里静电水膜除尘器新模型，试图建立该复合除尘技术的理论体系，完善现有电除尘技术的理论及应用。

低阻文丘里振弦栅静电旋风水膜除尘技术是基于文丘里、振弦栅耦合除尘、旋风水膜和静电除尘除尘提出的先进技术和方法。利用惯性碰撞、黏附、凝聚、水膜凝并、离心力、静电收尘等除尘机理，其为不同除尘机理的联合运用提供理论基础与技术支持。.①理论分析了云式雾化机理、喷雾形式和尘雾耦合凝并机理，确定了低风速下雾化主要影响为喷雾压力；得出了水膜静电凝并除尘技术和凝并影响因素，确定了各因素与凝并的关系。②理论分析了静电旋风水膜设备的除尘机理和水雾的荷电机理和水雾捕尘机理。对喷嘴的喷淋特性展开实验研究，得出了各喷嘴组合作用下收尘极清灰水膜的均布性能和开启风机的情况下更有助于水膜均布;加宽型吹风喷头的均布性能最好，大幅度提高了清灰水膜的均布性能通过。③气固流场结果：电压以放电极为中心，径向减小，电极所在的轴向中心区域和圆柱筒壁的电压分布均匀，但圆锥区域由于电极距筒壁的距离不同，导致电压分布不均；不同电压下的切向速度均大致呈现“M型”分布；电压的升高对切向速度增大的幅度更加明显，在圆锥区域被捕获的颗粒增多，表明电压升高，会减少颗粒的回流区域，增大颗粒的捕获；且电压越高，相对小粒径的除尘效率越高，总除尘效率越高；随着入口风速的提高，相对小粒径的除尘效率降低，为提高颗粒的捕集效率，应适当降低风速。④实验结果表明:水膜旋风静电除尘器选择的各种模型以及参数设置是合理的。探究了气固液情况下水膜旋风静电除尘器的除尘效果，旋风+水膜+静电对不同粒径的除尘效率均优于其他组合方式;都优于单一的旋风除尘。⑤低阻文丘里振弦栅静电旋风水膜除尘系统除尘效率高，对于微细粉尘的处理也相当有效。除尘系统结构简单、使用水可循环、造价低，应用前景好。⑥在国内外期刊发表学术论文16篇，其中被SCI收录1篇、EI收录2篇、核心期刊8篇；获批专利数目2项，其中欧盟发明专利1项，实用新型专利1项。以本课题为依托，已经培养硕士研究生6名。