几种药用芳香植物对枸杞害虫的毒杀与生态调控作用研究

Chinese wolfberry is one of the most importent medicine and nutritional health herb planted in Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Xinjiang provinces, and also is a kind of ecological forest. Chemical insecticide application in the area had caused insect resistance, pesticide residues, environmental pollution, product export restraints, farmer economic income decrease. Low toxicity, environmental pest control method was urgently needed. Several kinds of widely distributed, easily cultivated medicinal aromatic plants in Inner Mongolia province were chosen to study the possibility of using aromatic plants to replace chemical insecticides to protecting wolfberry from pest harming. The selecting behavior responses of wolfberry insect to aromatic plant will be tested by the way of olfatometer and the effect of aromatic plant on host plant location behavior will be test by the number of insect locating on different plant nearby or on the aromatic plant or on wolfberry. The aromatic plants which have strong repellenting or alluring effects on the wolfberry insect will be interplanted with wolfberry in field to evaluate the ecological effects on wolfberry insect and its natural enemy dynamic population. The essential oil from these aromatic plants will also be chosen to test the toxicity and inhibitory effects at Laboratory. The essential oil will be mixed with other essential oil or synthesized oil to make the new formulation of essential oil insecticides. By using aromatic plants and their essential oil, the problems of wolfberry insects' resistance, pesticide residues, environmental pollution, export restraints will be settled. There is very few essential oil insecticide in the pesticide market and there isn't any report about aromatic plants and chinese wolfberry interplanting at present. The research results would have very important meaning in capturing essential oil pesticide market and developing a new agricultural cultivation model.

枸杞是内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃、新疆当地种植的优良药材和营养保健品，而且也是很好的生态防护林。长期使用化学农药造成了枸杞害虫抗药性、果品农药残留超标、环境污染，产品出口受限，农民经济收入降低。寻找低毒、环保的枸杞害虫生态调控方法势在必行。选择在内蒙古分布较广，易于栽培的几种药用芳香植物，通过嗅觉仪行为测定及寄主植物选择行为观察，测试其对枸杞害虫的驱避、抑制作用；选择对枸杞害虫行为影响强烈的芳香植物，与枸杞套种或间种，评价其对枸杞害虫的生态调控作用。室内通过测试芳香植物精油及其调制剂对枸杞害虫的毒杀、驱避、抑制作用，研制出适合枸杞害虫生态调控的新型精油类杀虫剂，解决枸杞种植业的害虫防治、农药残留、出口受限等问题，提高农民的经济收入。目前，精油类农药在我国农药市场上非常少，芳香植物与枸杞套种或间种更无前例，该研究成果可为占领精油农药市场及发展现代新型农业栽培模型奠定基础。

枸杞是内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃、新疆当地种植的优良药材和营养保健品，也是很好的生态防护林。长期使用化学农药造成了枸杞害虫抗药性、果品农药残留超标、环境污染，产品出口受限，农民经济收入降低等问题。寻找低毒、环保的枸杞害虫生态调控方法非常重要。藿香、罗勒、薄荷、砂地柏在内蒙古分布较广，对它们进行栽培及精油提取，测定其精油对枸杞害虫的行为、毒杀、亚致死作用、酶活性的影响。同时进行精油混合复配，测定复配剂对枸杞害虫的毒力。结果如下：.1、藿香、罗勒、薄荷、砂地柏、丁香酚等精油对枸杞蚜、枸杞木虱具有很高的毒杀作用，其中丁香酚的毒力最高，致死中浓度LC50分别为0.48mL/L和0.37 mL/L。细穗香薷对枸杞木虱的致死中浓度LC50为0.68mL/L。丁香酚、肉桂油、α-松油醇、香茅油对枸杞木虱的毒杀效果较对枸杞蚜高。.2、藿香、罗勒、薄荷、砂地柏等精油对枸杞蚜、枸杞木虱均具熏蒸作用，其中罗勒精油熏蒸效果最好。.3、复配增效剂A对肉桂油、香茅油、丁香酚及α-松油醇的增效比分别为2.86、2.74、1.80和1.56;复配增效剂B对肉桂油、香茅油、丁香酚及α-松油醇的增效比分别为3.41、2.66、1.98和1.89，增效作用明显好于复配增效剂A，可作为枸杞害虫防治首选药剂。.4、丁香酚低浓度时对Na+-K+-ATPase和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase活性有促进作用，高浓度是为抑制作用。香茅油对Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase的抑制作用高于Na+-K+-ATPase。α-松油醇和肉桂油对Na+-K+-ATPase的抑制率高于对Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase。薄荷、藿香、罗勒、砂地柏精油、香茅油、丁香酚精油、α-松油醇和肉桂油对枸杞蚜乙酰胆碱酯酶AchE均有不同程度的抑制作用。.5、罗勒精油对无翅枸杞蚜的趋避率较高，1h、2h和3h时趋避率分别为52.7%、51.2%和65.5%，均超出50%。藿香在1h和2h时趋避率为负，说明对枸杞蚜有吸引作用。甲基胡椒酚、a-松油醇的趋避率超出了50%,趋避作用明显。.6、薄荷、罗勒精油对枸杞蚜有翅成蚜、砂地柏精油对枸杞木虱成虫的寄主植物选择过程有趋避作用。藿香苗及其精油对二点叶螨吸引作用明显。.7、砂地柏精油降低了枸杞木虱的产卵量和卵孵化率，延长了若虫期。.8、GC-MS分析藿香精油有7种主要成分，细穗香薷有19种