流体耦合式压电发电机的基础理论与关键技术研究

A piezoelectric generator based on liquid-coupled action is presented, and the forming theory and method of the capability of simultaneous energy harvesting and vibration abatememt will be investigated theoretically and experimentally. For the advantages such as, high reliability, wide frequency band, capability of simultaneous energy harvesting and vibration abatement and so on, the liquid-coupled piezoelectric generator is suitable for the self-powered sensor-monitoring and vibration-abatememt in the fields of the aviation/spaceflight /vehicles/hydraulic-system, or to harvest fluid energy. At first, the dynamics/kinematics models of the liquid-coupled piezoelectric generator will be established according to the coupling relationship among the mechnical-electrohydraulic system. On this basis, computer simulation will be utilized to obtain the coupling performance of mechnical-electrohydraulic system, the influence regularity of liquid-coupled action on the performance of energy harvesting as well as vibration abatement, and the optimal matching relationship of the system elements. Secondly, the vibration shape and energy-generation perfaomance of liquid-coupled piezoelectric element will be studied. The influence of structures/coupling-mode of mechanical unit and enegy-harvesting/vibration-abatement strategy of electrical control unit on the capability/efficiency of energy conversion and vibration abatement of the piezoelectric generator will be analyzed. Based on this, the key factors restricting responding speed and energy conversion/ utilizing efficiency of the peizoelectric element coupled with liquid will be picked out. At the same time, the essential principle for the generator to simultaneously hravest energy and abate vibration at wide bandwidth will be found out. According to the above research results, 4 kinds of liquid-coupled generators excited by vibration and liquid will be fabricated using different sorts of piezo-vibrators and energy conversion methods. A series of experiments on the prototypes will be carried out so as to obtain the optimal mechanical structures, and energy harvesting/vibration-abatement methods. The key parameters/technology for generator design/fabrication will be provided.

提出利用流体耦合激励压电振子振动发电并抑制振动/流体脉动的新方法，研究这种流体耦合作用发电及抑振能力的形成理论与方法，进而构造频带宽、高可靠性/强度、且发电与抑振一体的微小型压电发电机，用于航空航天/行走机械/液压设备等自供电监测/抑振、或单纯管道流发电。研究内容：统筹考虑机电液系统要素间的耦合关系，建立系统动力/运动学模型，通过模拟仿真获得要素间非线性耦合特性及其对发电/抑振能力的影响规律及合理的系统参数匹配关系；研究流体环境下压电振子的振动/能量转换特性，分析机械单元结构/耦合方式、电控单元发电/抑振策略等对发电机响应特性、发电/抑振效果及环境适应能力等的影响规律，提取制约流体环境下压电振子响应速度及能量转换/利用效率的关键要素，揭示流体耦合作用形成压电发电及其抑振能力的本质机理；进行4类样机的制作与试验，获得最优机械结构与发电/抑振控制策略，提供设计方法及关键制造技术。

提出通过压电体与流体耦合作用实现能量传递/转换并构造流体耦合式压电发电机，用于振动能量回收并抑振以及流体动能回收，主要内容：进行了不同载荷及边界条件下晶片型压电振子能量转换特性的建模仿真与结构优化，获得了外力载荷作用下压电振子结构/材料参数、边界条件、作用力形式/大小等对其变形/发电特性的影响规律以及最优的结构与材料参数；进行了电激励下压电-气/液耦合振动响应及机电能量转换特性研究，获得了系统背压对气/液体阻尼/隔振器中主/被动压电振子的驱动/响应特性的影响规律；进行了基础振动时气/液体隔振/阻尼器的系统建模仿真与试验研究，获得了压电振子及液压缸结构/尺寸、振动体质量、系统背压、平衡弹簧刚度、阻尼孔径、流体类型（气、液）等系统要素对其发电/抑振性能的影响规律，证明了隔振/阻尼式压电流体发电机可实现低频、高强度、尤其是高强度振动能量回收与抑振的双重功能；进行了直激式压电流体发电机建模仿真与试验，获得了压电梁结构尺度/参数、附加质量、柔性梁尺度、流速、迎风角等对其响应特性及发电能力的影响规律，证明了在一定条件下存在最佳的附加质量/风速/迎风角/柔性梁长度使发电机输出电压最大，且各最佳参数间存在较强的耦合性；增加了涡轮式压电流体发电机（适于高速、大粘度流体发电），获得了流体粘度、速度及旋磁激励方式等对涡轮式流体发电机性能的影响规律；增加了压电流体泵（可实现双向能量转换）研究，获得了多腔体串/并联、相邻腔体同步/异步及各腔体非完全工作时驱动次序等对其输出性能及感应电压的影响规律；进行了基于同步开关技术的能量提取/储能/半被动抑振及基于脉冲开关电路供电系统研究，获得了相关要素对能量提取/存储/半被动抑振/能量利用效果等的影响规律。结合研究计划及拓展工作，培养硕士研究生6人，尚有4名硕士从事相关工作；公开发表相关论文23篇，其中9篇论文SCI/EI双检、11篇论文EI检索； 获得授权发明专利10项。