基于网格聚类分析的小微产业城区"产、城关联空间模式"研究

Small manufacturing industry is among the most important basis of the China's national economy. In recent planning for small manufacturing industry agglomeration areas, conventional industrial park model, which were mainly developed for large-scaled manufacturing industry, are generally applied. Such model, which differentiates and isolates small industrial spaces with urban areas, needs to be largely modified to fit characteristics and demand of small industries. Many cases in China or abroad indicate that small industrial spaces can compatibly mix with urban areas, and such model can support city's economy, improve urban vitality and create identity for city. Outstanding cases among these are Dafen Oil Painting Village, Wuyi Mountain Xiamei Tea Village and Langeloisium Wine town（Austria）. Cluster Analysis is a method widely used in spatial data mining and analysis. Taking "associated spatial model" of industrial and urban space as research object, this research applies Statistical Information Grid (SIG) and cluster analysis on sample cases in term of data concerning "degree of aggregation"(of functions associated with industrial chain) and "degree of mixing"(of industrial and urban functions), aiming at inducing patterns of land use model for cell lots as well as their association and distribution model. The result of this research can provide new model for planning of small manufacturing industry agglomeration areas.

小微企业是我国经济的重要基础。近年小微产业区建设热潮中，多采用制造产业园区的模式，独立于城区以外且功能较单一。很多案例证明，小微产业与城区用地的适当混合，能更好支持企业、拉动城区经济、提升城区特色和活力，如深圳大芬油画村、武夷下梅茶村和奥地利瓦豪酒镇等。研究和推广该模式，对探索小微产业用地模式创新、发展特色产业城区及加强小城镇产业支撑有积极意义。网格法聚类分析（STING）是一种数据挖掘技术，适用于萃取和分析复杂空间相关数据及其关联特征。依托在城市产业空间方面的研究积累，本课题以"产、城关联空间模式"为研究对象，聚焦"产业链相关功能聚合度"及"产、城功能混合度"特征，挑选国内外样本案例，进行基于城区空间网格单元"聚合度"与"混合度"相关数据的层次法聚类分析，归纳单元用地模式的类型及其分布、关联规律，建立与城市规划的对接机制。研究成果可以为小微产业聚集区和产业城区规划提供模式基础和评估工具。

本研究选取小微产业城区为研究对象，从村镇和城市中心区两个特定类型的小微产业城区入手，展开深入的数据采集和分析工作。在分析过程中，明确了STING发的具体步骤和相应目标，验证了其可操作性，得出了较为可信的结果。研究表明，“产业链”状况是产、城关联的决定性因素，其完整程度以及它是否能与城市功能产生关联，决定了产、城关联的状态和程度，用地上反映为各类城市功能、空间的分布规律。在空间机制上，本研究发现各类城市功能和空间的发展遵循“自组织”规律，及在中观和微观层面上的各种空间与功能互动成为城区中常态化的活动，它决定了城区产业的空间的局部发展，往往也能够导向基本布局的变化。重要的发现是，产业发展的规律和城区既有空间结构尤其是公共空间的结构存在微妙的关系。从这些研究发现出发，可以对制定此类城区的规划、和管理其发展提出建议。研究已经完成既定目标，发表研究成果，并将成果运用于城市设计实践，起到了良好的效果。