中国西南地区小盾壳科真菌的分类学及分子系统发育研究

The Microthyriaceae is a poorly known but interesting family comprising 50 genera consisting of foliar epiphytes or saprobes on leaves and stems.The important morphological character of this family: superficial, flattened thyriothecia, with the cells of the upper wall radiating in parallel arrangement from the distinct central ostiolar opening, while the lower peridium is generally poorly developed; with bitunicate asci. Distributed in the tropics and subtropics, temperate rare. So far, the taxonomy both in families level, genera level, species level still in confusion. Study on this group of fungi in China rarely. In previous study, Microthyriaceae and its allies are similar on morphological character. But, there are differences in the molecular level. Therefore, this project based on we re-checked the family examinations of generic types where possible and the molecular phylogenetic research. We carried out the resources of this group fungi investigation and fresh collection from the southwestern China. We used scanning electron microscope, light microscope and molecular biology technology to study on the taxonomy and molecular phylogenetic of this group fungi. Thus, discover new taxa of this group fungi in China; establish the taxa of fungi species; construct phylogenetic tree, to discuss phylogenetic relationships between; to determine taxonomic status of this group fungi. To provied scientific theory and basis for the fungal species diversity protection.

小盾壳科是一类罕为人知且有趣的真菌，该科真菌主要形态特征为具有双囊壁的子囊和呈辐射状紧密排列的盾状囊壳，分布于热带和亚热带地区，温带罕见。迄今，其分类地位在科水平、属水平、种水平上一直处于混乱。我国对于该类群真菌的研究极少，在前期研究中，我们发现与小盾壳科在形态特征上相似的真菌类群，在分子水平上存在差异。因此，本项目以课题组前期对小盾壳科的各个属模式种的重新鉴定，以及初步的分子系统发育学研究为基础，开展对我国西南地区的该类群真菌资源的调查、收集，采用扫描电镜、光学显微镜等显微观察法及分子生物学等技术对该类群真菌的形态分类学和分子系统发育进行研究。从而，发现该类群真菌的新分类单元；建立该类群真菌物种名录；构建系统发育树，探讨相互之间的亲缘关系；可望确定此类群真菌的分类地位。为真菌物种资源多样性保护提供科学理论和依据。

小盾壳科是一类研究较少的真菌类群，通过国家自然基金的资助，开展了西南多地该类群真菌物种多样性研究，对于该类群真菌的传统分类学进行了深入研究，使用多基因联合的分子研究方法对其分子系统发育进行了研究。目前，通过调查，收集保存该类群真菌300余份，发现该类群真菌多样性丰富；通过将传统分类学和分子系统发育研究相结合的方法，发现该类群真菌新物种，澄清该类群真菌分类地位，建立该类群真菌更趋于自然的分类系统。通过项目的资助,完成西南地区小盾壳科真菌研究，丰富了我国真菌多样性资源，为真菌多样性保护提供科学依据。