A specific method of “bottom-up” route adopted, taking typical steel enterprise as empirical study examples, this project will discuss the interaction between material, energy use and water use in the steel production processes, entirely depicts the impacts of water-energy-material nexus on potentials of saving energy and water, and reducing emission from steel sector, and find out solutions and technological route to further reduce environment load caused by steel industry. At first, borrowing from the system energy conservation theory, the model of “water value” for steel enterprise will be built in the mixture of water quantity and its quality. And then by mean of water value and dynamical substance flow analysis, this project will build the network of energy-water-material flow on the typical procedure. At the same time the key points would be identified to save water and energy, and to reduce emission. After that, water-energy-material nexus and its impact on energy and water consumption will be analyzed based on many technologies. According to the results, the water-energy-material conversion model will be established to discover the synergistic mechanism on the scale of enterprises. Finally, based on water-energy-material nexus and conversion model, it can be analyzed the impact of water-energy-material nexus on emission reduction potentials for steel enterprises by use of the system dynamics model. And this project will optimize the simulation of varieties of technical route and propose a technical route of saving water and energy, and reducing emission on the level of steel industry. We expect that the theory of water-energy-material nexus for steel enterprises will be established to depict its interaction mechanism and basic laws which can put forward the theory foundation for sustainable development of steel industry.
本项目拟采用“自下而上”的研究路线,以钢铁工业为研究对象,弄清水-能-物质协同理论,揭示钢铁生产中能流、物流和水利用过程中的耦合机制,探求基于水-能-物质协同性来挖掘钢铁工业节水、节能减排的最大潜力,优化进一步降低钢铁工业环境负荷的技术方案。研究内容:首先借用能值概念,融合水质和水量构建钢铁工业“水值”模型;然后,采用动态物质流方法,在生产单元层面上,建立典型生产流程的水-能-物质网络,依此辨识节能、节水和减排关键点;接着,以技术单元为抓手,在企业层面上,建立水-能-物质的转化模型,探求水-能-物质的耦合机制;最后,在行业层面上,应用系统动力学中信息反馈原理分析协同机制对钢铁工业减排潜力的影响,并对多种减排技术路线进行模拟优化,提出我国钢铁工业发挥节能、节水减排潜力的优化技术路线。以期建立一套适用于钢铁工业的水-能-物质协同理论,揭示其作用机理和规律,为我国钢铁工业的持续发展提供理论基础。
本项目首先调查我国钢铁工业水耗与能耗的基础数据,形成了完整的数据体系,表明钢铁企业的吨钢能耗为632 kgce/t钢(仅包括主要生产工序),我国在余热回收还有较大潜力。炼铁工序耗水最多,其次为炼钢、焦化、轧钢、和烧结工序。我国新水使用率仍有较大的提升空间。其次,建立了钢铁企业“水值”概念和钢铁企业基于物质流的水-能网络模型,为量化节能和节水潜力的分析提供了理论模型。炼铁工序和轧钢工序识别的节能点总节能潜力明显,分别占比为25.9%和36%。单个节能技术中,节能量超过20 kgce/t 产品的节能技术分别是蓄热式燃烧技术、在线热处理技术、连铸坯热装热送技术。目前技术单元普及率并没有达到一定的程度,而且技术单元本身在不断完善。然后,基于“水值”模型和水能网络模型的建立,通过典型技术的筛选,量化分析了钢铁企业节能技术以及节能技术的潜力,进一步预测未来的钢铁企业的能耗与水耗。2025年技术单元造成的节能已经到达顶峰,几乎不变。技术的优化需要国家相应的政策和准则得到改善,从而使得能耗得到降低。接着,通过耦合技术成本效益模型,分析了钢铁企业节能技术的成本与效益的情况,并筛选出先进的节能技术。煤调湿技术投资成本最高,为11.48元/kgce,其次是分别是转炉烟气干法回收、转炉烟气高效利用和精炼干式真空泵脱气技术。最后,基于系统动力学分析模型,分析技术单元基于经济的优先性时,考虑处于不同情景时,技术单元的普及率处于理想状态时的状况。钢铁企业筛选节能技术时,作为节水技术多功能电化学水处理器水质稳定技术应该重点普及应用;钢铁企业筛选节水技术时,作为节能技术TRT技术则应该引以重视。 此外,基于气流网络模型,本项目额外建立了钢铁厂各个生产工序的气流网络模型,分析了钢铁企业空气消耗的理论值与理论污染物排放情况。钢铁生产的各工序中均存在着严重的空气资源浪费的情况。本项目研究成果可为我国钢铁的节能、节水的技术推广提供理论依据和未来钢铁工业节气方面提供探索性理论支撑。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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