空间场景审美具身效应的行为与脑功能成像研究

Human beings are inevitably surrounded by various space scenes in their daily life. On one hand, the sense of beauty of space scene is affected by the bottom-up perceptual processing of spatial characteristics. On the other hand, the sense of beauty of space scene is also related to the top-down pathway of subjective experience. However, we know little about the psychological and neural mechanisms for aesthetic evaluation of space scene during top-down processing pathway. Based on the behavioral and neuroimaging findings concerning natural and landscape space of our previous studies, this current project aims to adopt the cognitive behavioral paradigm and functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI) to test the following hypotheses: (1) According to the framework of evolutionary aesthetics, people show greater aesthetic preference to the space scene which associated with the value of survival and evolution, and embodied experience and simulation can modulate this aesthetic preference. (2) Aesthetic evaluations under embodied experience and simulation conditions rely on common aesthetic brain regions, and the subjective sense of relaxation and processing fluency mediate the association between embodied experience and the neural connectivity of aesthetic appreciation of space scene. By analyzing behavioral and brain imaging results, the current project tries to identify the corresponding psychological and neural relations between embodied experience and aesthetic appreciation of space scene, and further constructs psychological and neural models of embodied aesthetic appreciation. The findings of this project would be important for understanding the aesthetic decision of space scene under embodied experience.

人类日常生活中常与空间场景互动，对空间场景的审美一方面受到自下而上的空间特征感知影响，另一方面也受到自上而下的主体经验与体验的作用。然而，我们对空间场景审美自上而下的心理与脑机制知之甚少。基于我们先前关于自然与园林空间的研究结果，本项目拟综合运用认知行为范式与功能磁共振成像设计系列实验，检验如下假设：（1）基于进化美学的理论框架，有机体对具有生存进化效价的空间场景能产生审美偏好，且通过不同类型的具身驱动与模拟能改变这种审美偏好效应。（2）不同类型的具身经验对空间场景审美影响的神经活动共享着相似的脑机制，且主观体验到的轻松感与加工流畅程度对具身经验影响空间场景审美的脑功能连接具有中介效应。本项目通过分析认知行为与fMRI实验结果，揭示高阶具身经验对审美影响的心理与神经功能网络间的对应关系，并构建具身驱动与模拟的审美心理与神经机制模型，这对于理解具身经验作用下的空间场景审美决策具有重要意义。

本项目结合认知行为实验范式与功能磁共振成像技术，开展关于高阶具身经验影响空间场景审美的系列研究，揭示具身驱动与模拟对空间场景审美影响的认知成分、心理机制及其对应的审美神经机制。同时，为了能对具身驱动与模拟影响空间场景审美的心–脑机制结论进行适用性检验，本项目进一步从具身流畅性体验、具身情绪体验和具身逃避意图三种具身经验方式进行考察。在认知行为指标上，被诱发具身经验的个体更倾向于对与具身经验高度相关或与具身经验需求一致的审美对象有着更高的审美评价；在大脑神经基础方面，发现高阶具身经验影响场景审美判断的共享脑机制包含了左侧额上回内侧、双侧额中回、左侧补充运动区、右侧楔叶和双侧OFC区域，这些区域分别与视觉感知、认知判断、奖赏情绪体验和具身趋避意图等加工过程密切相关。研究成果可以在园林空间设计、室内空间设计、构建人居环境以及激发社会公众关于建筑与空间的审美兴趣与情感等领域进行转化和应用。