岭南园林气候适应性设计策略与关键技术研究

Under the requirements of inheriting Lingnan Culture, creating regional landscape and improving the quality of the living environment in our times, this research project explores the design strategies and key technologies of Lingnan gardens from the perspective of climate adaptability. Based on the literature review, field research, questionnaire survey and software simulation, this research project conducts field investigation and microclimate evaluation of typical cases of traditional Lingnan gardens, excavate the wisdom of the traditional Lingnan garden responding to the hot-humid climate and put forward the climate adaptability design strategies of Lingnan gardens. Furthermore, this project conducts research from the following three key technologies and put forward relevant design guideline and threshold: 1) Coupling Mechanism of Landscape Spatial Distribution and Landscape Microclimate in Lingnan; 2) Coupling Mechanism of Landscape design elements and combination mode and Landscape Microclimate in Lingnan; 3) Microclimate comprehensive simulation analysis and tools development for Lingnan garden environment based on design process. Finally, this research will bring forward the Design Guideline of Climatic Adaptability of Lingnan Garden as well as combined with design project exploring for demonstration. This research carries out cross-disciplinary study among landscape architecture, building technology, meteorology and other disciplinary theories as well as provides a new perspective to study on the traditional Lingnan garden. The outcome of this research would be an important complement to the study of the traditional garden in Lingnan region; would be useful to guide the contemporary garden and Landscape design in Lingnan; would be an important complement to the design theory of climate adaptation; and provide a scientific basis for Habitat Environment Theory, especially the design practice of landscape architecture.

在传承岭南文化、营造地域景观、提升环境质量的时代要求下，源于设计实践中的思考，本课题从气候适应性的角度对岭南园林的设计策略与关键技术进行探索研究。本课题在文献梳理、现场实测、问卷调查、软件模拟的基础上，对传统岭南园林典型案例进行现场调研与微气候环境测评，挖掘传统岭南园林应对湿热多雨气候的营造智慧，提出岭南园林气候适应性设计策略；进而在岭南园林空间布局模式与园林微气候耦合机理、景观设计要素组合模式与园林微气候耦合机理、基于设计过程的园林环境微气候综合模拟分析与工具研发等三方面进行关键技术研究，并提出相关设计导控指标及阈值；最后建构岭南园林气候适应性设计导则，结合工程设计进行应用示范。本课题将风景园林、建筑技术、气象学等学科理论交叉结合，拓展了岭南园林的研究视角与成果，为当代岭南园林的创作提供科学基础；该成果是气候适应性、低碳节能研究的重要补充，为人居环境理论特别是风景园林实践提供科学依据。

在传承岭南文化、营造地域景观、提升环境质量的时代要求下，源于设计实践中的思考，本课题从气候适应性的角度对岭南园林的设计策略与关键技术进行探索研究。本课题在文献梳理、现场实测、问卷调查、软件模拟的基础上，对传统岭南园林典型案例进行了现场调研与微气候环境测评，提出了岭南园林气候适应性设计策略。同时，结合游客问卷调查分析，提出岭南传统庭园的室外热舒适中性SET值为23.4℃，热中性SET值区间为20.0～26.7℃；认为0.5m/s可为岭南传统庭园室外空间静居游赏的舒适风速参考阈值；进而挖掘了夏季人体热感觉和遮阳设计要素间的内在联系，发现黑球温度与热舒适投票、太阳辐射舒适和太阳辐射可接受投票都有较好的相关性；在夏季庭园中，对应热舒适的黑球温度约28.48～37.16℃；对应太阳辐射热舒适的黑球温度约27.60～39.11℃。课题组优化了岭南园林典型案例的室外热舒适评价模型，提出了适用于岭南庭园热舒适评价的模型COMFAcourtyard Model；并探索了岭南园林空间布局模式、景观设计要素与园林微气候耦合机理，提出庭园空间整体特征、围合特征和遮蔽特征是影响庭园热环境的主要因素，进而提出相关设计导控指标及阈值。课题组对基于设计过程的园林环境微气候综合模拟分析与工具进行关键技术研究，研发了园林环境小气候模拟分析工具，包括庭园平均辐射温度模型CMRT和基于并行格子波尔兹曼法的复杂庭园风环境快速评估模型CLBM。基于以上成果，建构了岭南园林气候适应性设计导则。结合研究进展，本课题目前获得省部级科技进步奖2项；出版专著1本，发表论文11篇，其中被SCI收录3篇；完成相关硕士学位论文8篇，培养了1名博士、12名硕士；已授权专利12项，其中实用新型专利7项，申报发明专利1项；另外获CSC资助赴美交流学习博士生2人次。本课题将风景园林、建筑技术、气象学等学科理论交叉结合，拓展了岭南园林的研究视角与成果，为当代岭南园林的创作提供科学基础；该成果是气候适应性、低碳节能研究的重要补充，为人居环境理论特别是风景园林实践提供科学依据。