基于鼢鼠抑尘嗅觉特性的仿生自适应含尘气流采样机制

This project is aimed on solving the problem of the interference for the performance of electronic nose leading from dust rising and dispersing. The core idea of the project is inspired by the myospalax psilurus’s nose, due to its sensitive smell in the dusty environment of burrow and foraging. Herein, the olfactory behavior analysis and bionics research of the nasal canal adaptive dust suppression are carried out next, mainly including: In order to solve the problem of the force response to dust-containing airflow and the instability of flow conductivity during the detection process of electronic nose, a series of work are analyzed in terms of the relationship among the characteristics of nasal hair clusters, the dust accumulation and the particle size distribution in nasal inspiratory process of myospalax psilurus, as well as the synergistic mechanism of nasal tract structure conducive to odor detection. The influence mechanism of the structure of the olfactory cavity to the retention of dust particles, the migration and deposition of odour components is revealed. In order to solve the excessive interference problem of detection by the accumulation of particulate matter in the air path, a few of important problems are analyzed, including the coupling action of the mechanical characteristics of air flow, the structure of nasal tract and the flexibility of nasal hair cluster network on the dust removal performance during the exhalation process of myospalax psilurus nasal cavity, and the biological function principle of the rapid purification of nasal tract. In this paper, the bionic design of the structure of gas path, the shape of filter net and the adaptive expansion / closed dynamic control of aperture are explored by using the engineering bionic thought. The identification and primary and secondary analysis of the characteristic factors affecting the realization of the dust flow sampling function are carried out. And then the optimal design of bionic electronic nose sampling chamber is realized. Subsequently, the technology theory of biomimetic adaptive dust air sampling is formed. The research results will provide a new idea for gas detection technology under multi-dust conditions.

本项目针对粉尘扬起逸散工况对电子鼻性能干扰问题，受鼢鼠在掘（挖）进觅食的多尘环境中嗅觉灵敏特性的启发，开展其鼻道自适应抑尘的嗅觉行为分析及仿生学研究，具体为：针对电子鼻检测过程中对含尘气流作用力响应及导流增效失稳问题，分析鼢鼠吸气过程中鼻毛集簇结构特征与积尘量和粒径分布的关系，研究鼻道结构利于气味检测的增效机理，揭示嗅腔结构对灰尘颗粒物滞留及气味组份运移、沉积的作用机制；为解决气路颗粒物累积干扰检测过大问题，分析鼢鼠呼气过程气流力学特征、鼻道结构、鼻毛柔性等对除尘性能的耦合作用，揭示其快速净化鼻道的生物功能原理；基于工程仿生思想，对电子鼻气路结构、滤网结构形貌及孔径的自适应展/闭动态调控进行仿生设计，对影响含尘气流采样功能实现的特征因素进行辨识与主次分析，实现仿生电子鼻采样腔室的优化设计，形成仿生自适应含尘气流采样技术理论。研究成果将为多尘条件下气体检测技术提供新思路。

气体检测作为提高生存质量、保障人类健康的手段，在各领域均有广泛应用，其中基于电子鼻技术的气体传感系统具有众多优势而备受关注，但传感系统采样组件—电子鼻腔室研究相对滞后，尤其难以摒除扬尘对其产生的不利影响。因此，增强腔室扰流性能和提高滞尘效率，同时保障气路结构导流增效功能是当前电子鼻技术面临的重要课题。.本项目沿着腔室柔性滤网构建及其与含尘气流交互作用分析、电子鼻采样腔室模型设计与技术集成的研究思路，探索动物嗅探过程中多因素对有效滞尘和提高气味识别性能的协同作用机制，寻求最佳的电子鼻滞尘、除尘净化、导流增效设计方案，形成仿生自适应含尘气流采样技术理论。具体内容包括：①完成了动物嗅觉系统抑尘采样特性及其对含尘气流作用机理分析，根据鼢鼠、砂鱼蜥、人类、鲟鱼嗅腔/鼻毛集簇的导流、防尘/颗粒物结构功能，得出了重要的仿生抑尘启示；②获得了颗粒物滞留及气味运移仿生结构腔室设计方法，实现了对仿生原型的颗粒物滞留功能再现；③建立了快速除尘净化仿生滤网/膜的设计和制备方法，提高了滤网/膜的过滤性能，可以与仿生腔室有机结合以提高传感器在多尘环境中的可靠性；④获得了腔室系统仿生自适应导流增效模型设计与优化方法，使气流与传感器充分接触，并且减小了不同传感器之间的扰流干扰，显著提升了检测性能。.模块实验和系统集成应用实验结果表明，利用本项目提出的方法能够实现仿生自适应含尘气流采样腔室的设计，可以在多尘环境中有效捕获目标气体的关键气味信息，在检测精度和可靠性等方面表现良好，具有成本低、快速、方便、可靠等优点。本项目的研究成果将对提高粉尘扬起逸散条件下气味检测技术水平及其应用具有重要的指导意义。.在本项目的资助下，已发表学术论文18篇，其中SCI检索15篇、EI检索3篇；申请发明专利9件，其中授权美国发明专利1件、中国发明专利2件；参加学术会议3次，做邀请报告3次；培养相关领域博硕研究生7名。