基于植物对气流自调节与元素结构特征的多孔滞尘屏障仿生优化与性能研究

Intensive study of fugitive dust control is significant in that mitigating particulate matter emissions and improving air quality. Aiming at current technical and application obstacles in well preventing the generation and trapping fugitive dust, this proposed project will study on effective techniques to strengthen the mechanical behaviors and the ability of reducing wind force and speed of porous barriers under wind loads as well as improve its efficiency in trapping coarse and fine particulate. Inspired by the functions of particulate filtration and air purification of vegetation barriers, this project will analyze the influential mechanisms of plants from the aspects of plant conformation in positive adjusting of air flow and active adapting of wind forces, and plant elements surface profile and structure in collecting particulates. The key information of bionic prototypes of porous barriers for dust control will be identified for optimal design. The bionic design will focus on the supporting frame structure, adjustable holes’ sizes through opening and closing, surface structure and profile of filtration materials. The methods to integrate the materials of flexible plastic, nonwoven fabrics, and steel or wood will be explored and established. Accordingly designed bionic models of porous barrier will be studied for their mechanical behavior and the mechanism of trapping particles, to obtain the optimal structures and form related bionic design concept. The outputs from this proposed project will have significant contribution to improve control techniques of particulate matter emissions.

加强开放性尘源治理控制研究，对降低粉尘颗粒污染和改善空气质量具有重要意义。本项目针对现有开放性尘源抑制和拦截捕获技术问题，拟对增强风荷载作用下多孔滞尘屏障降风抗阻和机械力学性能以及提高微细颗粒物捕获效率的技术方法进行研究，基于植物充当生物过滤器净化空气作用功能的启发，分析植物构造对气流被动调节、主动适应抵抗风压阻力以及植物元素形貌特征对颗粒物滞留吸收的影响机制，揭示多孔滞尘屏障优化设计仿生原型的关键信息，对多孔屏障支撑框架结构、孔径的可展开闭合调节、滤体材料表观形貌进行仿生设计探索，建立柔性塑料、非纺织造布和钢木等材料与仿生结构集成的降风减阻滞尘技术，研究仿生多孔屏障模型的机械性能和滞留悬浮颗粒物的机理，实现仿生多孔屏障模型的优化设计，形成相适应的仿生设计概念和设计理论，研究成果将对提高空气颗粒污染物治理技术水平及其应用研究具有重要的指导意义。

随着全国范围雾霾现象的频繁发生，粉尘颗粒污染的严重程度日益受到人们的关注，对各种尘源污染的控制和监管力度将不断加强，这包括广泛存在的开放式尘源，对其产生的扬尘和飞尘采取有效治理措施将对提高空气质量具有非常重要的意义。本项目针对畜牧农业生产产生的逸散性颗粒污染物，了解了其排放特征和向周边环境扩散程度及其影响因素，为有效设置植被和仿生屏障奠定基础；选取东北地区典型绿化植物，分析其各元素结构性能并构建由单层和多层同种植物组合的隔离带；考察了在不同风力作用下枝叶所受的风压荷载和表面摩擦作用力，结合植物结构特征，分析植物对气流作用力的调节机理；在不同来流风速情况下，通过监测和数值模拟计算近隔离带区域内颗粒物传输速度、浓度与粒径的空间变化、分析植物表面特征与积尘量和粒径分布的关系以及颗粒物在隔离带背风区域的沉积特征，综合分析植物对颗粒物扩散迁移和归趋的作用机理；依据植物和隔离带的优异结构特征及其对气流调节作用机制、颗粒物沉积附着规律，开展了对多孔屏障的可被动展开孔隙调节结构、滤材排列形式和滤体表面特征的理论设计，并构建仿生多孔屏障模型，研究了不同仿生结构模型对含尘气流阻力调节与过滤作用机理。在此项目资助下，已发表学术论文8篇，在审论文3篇；学术会议邀请报告2个，国际学术会议论文摘要5个；申请国家专利8项，其中授权国家发明专利4项、实用新型2项。培养硕博研究生共计5人，其中已经毕业硕士研究生2人和博士研究生1人，在读硕士研究生2人。全面完成项目的预期研究工作。