适应于空间站轨道特征的分时共视时间比对方法研究

The common-view time comparison method has been most wildly used that as a usual time comparison technique. Along with the upgrade of the common-view references, the time comparison accuracy is improved ceaselessly. The navigation satellite considered as the best common-view references can reach 3 to 5 nanoseconds common-view time comparison accuracy. But along with the development of science techniques, the accuracy of nanosecond magnitude can not satisfy the requirement of advanced basic research. Although the fiber link time comparison technique can reach ten picosends magnitude accuracy, the fiber link need to be constructed in advance. Thus, more excellent common-view reference must be found to realize another leap of common-view time comparison accuracy in order to satisfy the requirement of science and technique development..Aiming at the requirement of high accurate science research, the idea is proposed that the space station time and frequency cabinet can be used as the common-view reference. Combining with the high accurate space atomic clock and microwave time comparison link, asynchronous common-view method is put forward to solve the space station position error and common-view blind area problems of space station common-view. The accuracy of common-view time comparison is improved from nanosecond to ten picoseconds magnitude. The error distributing rule of space station common-view is studied in more accurate dimension, and proper error correction method will be proposed. Finally, the proposed method will be validated based on the simulated and practical platform.

共视时间比对是目前应用最广泛的时间比对技术，随着共视参考源的不断升级，时间比对的精度也不断提升。目前最优秀的共视参考源是导航卫星，可以实现3至5纳秒的时间比对精度。随着科技的发展，纳秒级的时间比对精度已经不能满足许多基础前沿研究的需要，尽管光纤时间比对技术能实现十皮秒量级的时间比对精度，但需要提前铺建光纤链路。因此急需寻找更优秀的共视参考源，实现更高精度的时间比对，以适应科技飞速发展的需要。. 瞄准高精度科学研究的需要，提出以空间站高精度时频柜作为共视时间比对的参考源，结合空间站高精度原子钟和高精度微波时间比对链路特性，提出分时共视的时间比对方法，解决空间站位置误差和共视工作盲区的问题，将共视时间比对准确度由纳秒量级提高到十皮秒量级。在超精细的尺度上探索空间站共视时间比对的各项误差分布规律，并提出有针对性的改正方法，最终搭建仿真和实测实验平台对所提方法进行验证。

瞄准高精度科学研究的应用需要，提出以空间站高精度时频柜作为共视时间比对的参考源，分析了利用空间站开展共视时间比对的优越性和局限性；深入分析了空间站高精度原子钟的特性，并研究出合适的建模方法；研究了广义相对论框架下的空地微波链路时间比对方法和误差特性；提出空间站分时共视的时间比对方法，解决空间站位置误差和共视工作盲区的局限性问题；通过搭建仿真平台，对空间站的观测数据、各项误差数据、误差修正方法、空地时间比对解算和地面站间传统同时共视时间比对解算、分时共视时间比对解算方法进行仿真验证。仿真实验表明，本项目所提空间站分时共视时间比对方法可实现几十皮秒量级的准确度，而在相同的仿真条件下，比传统共视方法性能高一个数量级。