中国蚤蝇科分类订正和系统发育研究

Phoridae is one of the important families in Diptera, with great economic significance in agriculture, hygiene, forensic and criminal reconnaissance. After years of efforts, the present applicant has collected a large number of specimens and accumulated a wealth of research experience, and has recognised about 256 species in 28 genera under 5 subfamilies of Phoridae from China. As China is vast in territory, the ambiguous situation of Phorid species identification has not completely changed yet, which still severely restricts the development of related disciplines. This project focuses on the systematic and phylogenetic study of Phoridae by using modern systematic methods and techniques. It includes maily:(1) identifying and revising genera and species, discovering the new taxonomic categories, and clarifying the chaos of the classification system and establishing the identification system in China;(2) analyzing homologous characteristics of adult and larva stages,conbined with molecular data, reconstructing subfamily and generic phylogeny of Phoridae;(3) based on the theory and approach of biogeography,analyzing the spatial distribution and its relationship with geological evolution, revealing its distribution patern and possiblly formation mechnism in Palaearctic and Oriental parts of China. This study will provide a scientific basis for effective integrated pest management and narural resource utilization, and will be of great value and scientific significance in the fundamental science and practical application.

蚤蝇科是双翅目最重要类群之一，在农业、卫生及法医破案等领域有重要意义。经过多年努力，课题组积累了大量的标本和丰富的研究经验，已记录了中国蚤蝇28属256种。但我国地域辽阔，蚤蝇科种类不清的状况尚未根本改变，仍严重地制约着相关学科的发展。本项目运用现代分类学理论和方法，对中国蚤蝇科进行分类订正和系统发育研究。主要内容包括：(1)鉴定、订正属种，发现新阶元，建立中国蚤蝇分类鉴定系统；(2)全面分析蚤蝇科成虫和幼期同源形态特征,结合线粒体基因COI和核基因EF-1α等分子标记数据，构建形态和分子特征矩阵，重建中国蚤蝇科各亚科及各属间的系统发育；（3）基于生物地理学理论和方法，分析蚤蝇科物种空间分布与地质历史演变关系，揭示其中国古北区和东洋区分布格局和形成机制。本研究在蚤蝇资源利用和害虫综合治理资料积累、促进本学科基础理论的发展方面有重要科学意义。

蚤蝇科是双翅目最重要类群之一，在农业、卫生及法医破案等领域有重要意义。课题组收集和鉴定了包括台湾在内的我国所有省区的标本，记载描述中国蚤蝇38属342种，其中85新种，5新记录属，42新纪录种；编制了中国蚤蝇科昆虫目录，比较完整的地展现了我国蚤蝇区系的概貌；订正了中国蚤蝇科的主要属，修正了错误，补充了新的资料；研究了蚤蝇的形态学、解剖学和发育学特征，为种类鉴别和系统发育分析提供了支撑；应用DNA条形码技术成功解决蚤蝇的性二型问题，澄清了许多物种存疑问题；采用形态学特征和核基因EF-1序列和线粒体基因12S/16S rDNA序列进行支序系统分析，分别构建了基于形态特征和分子特征的蚤蝇科系统发育树，并据此建立了中国蚤蝇科分类系统。构建了中国异蚤蝇属代表类群的DNA分类数据库。在地理分布方面，研究发现，中国蚤蝇从南至北物种丰度递减，从东到西特有种增多，物种重叠渐小。项目实施过程中解决的一些生产实际问题，澄清了我国主要食用菌有害蚤蝇是泰纳异蚤蝇 Megaselia tamilnaduensis Disney; 危害养蜂业的有害蚤蝇为蛆症异蚤蝇 Megaselia scalaris (Loew) 和 M. apifurtiva Liu。本研究在蚤蝇资源利用和害虫综合治理资料积累、促进本学科基础理论的发展方面有重要科学意义。