中国叶蝇科分类、修订及系统发育研究

The family Milichiidae belongs to Carnoidea, Schizophora, Acalyptrata, Cyclorrhapha, Diptera, which is distributing in the world. The larvae of most species are generally saprophagous and feed on decaying plants, algae; adults live in fallen leaves, withered grasses, decaying wood and bird’s nests. Thus, it is meaningful and necessary for ecological study and pest control to investigate this group of insects. Since the fauna of Chinese Milichiidae had not been studied systematically, a great number of species had not been determined or described, and the phylogenetic relationships within the genus or those between the genus and other related genera were not clear, this project aims to research on the taxonomy and phylogeny of Chinese Milichiidae. In this research, a taxonomic revision of the Chinese Milichiidae and new taxa will be discovered and described; diagnostic characters of Milichiidae and some groups will be summarized after a comparative morphological study; a phylogenetic study will be did to reveal the phylogeny of Milichiidae, and to resolve the monophyly; then a better system of the family will be reconstructed. The results would provide the available data for a future survey of biodiversity of Milichiidae in China, which would be also important for the future study of the systematics of Milichiidae in the world.

叶蝇科隶属于双翅目，环裂亚目，无瓣类，有缝组，鸟蝇总科，世界性分布。幼虫多为腐食性，能够取食腐殖质和藻类等，成虫一般在落叶、枯草、腐木或鸟巢附近活动。开展对该类昆虫的研究具有重要的生态学意义和一定的经济意义，但目前叶蝇科在中国的种类缺少系统的区系研究和修订工作。本项目拟开展中国叶蝇科的分类、修订以及系统发育研究。该项目将系统厘定中国叶蝇科的种类，发现并描述新分类单元；通过比较形态学研究，归纳叶蝇科各亚科以及属内系统发育关系；进而建立和完善中国叶蝇科的分类系统。本项目研究结果将丰富中国叶蝇科物种多样性，对叶蝇科世界性的修订工作，以及中国叶蝇科的系统研究提供重要的资料，对丰富叶蝇科的种群数量以及叶蝇科的系统发育研究起到极其重要的作用。

本项目对中国叶蝇科昆虫进行了系统分类研究。共记述了中国叶蝇科昆虫5属52种，对其形态特征进行详细描述，雄外生殖器的绘图；对叶蝇科3属12种的触角感受器和下颚须感受器进行了超微结构的研究，发现触角感受器4种，下颚须感受器3种；编制了叶蝇科昆虫分属、分种检索表，发现17新种，丰富了中国乃至世界叶蝇科区系研究，为保护和利用我国叶蝇科多样性提供了基础资料。对叶蝇科在世界各大区系及中国区系的分布情况作了概述，结果表明：属级阶元中，单区分布型最多，东洋区丰富度最高，种级阶元中，东洋区和古北区的丰富度最高。中国的地理分布统计表明：属级和种级阶元在华南区丰富度最高。首次获得叶蝇科黄腹芒叶蝇Aldrichiomyza flaviventris 和斜脉真叶蝇Phyllomyza obliquusa 2种线粒体基因组完整序列，以及短须真叶蝇Pyhllomyza brevipalpis，褐真叶蝇Phyllomyza donisthorpei，光秃平鬃叶蝇Madiza glabra，新月纹额叶蝇Desmometopa lunaris，亚洲凹痕叶蝇Milichiella asiatica 的部分线粒体基因组序列，为叶蝇科系统发育研究奠定基础。2年间，共发表了3篇文章，其中SCI 2篇，1篇SCI论文已返修，已完成待投稿2篇；参与了《浙江昆虫志》、《内蒙古大兴安岭汗马国家级自然保护区蝇类（双翅目：环裂亚目）》等书籍编写。此研究将有益于人们对叶蝇科的全面了解，对丰富双翅目物种多样性起到一定的作用。