昆虫寄携革螨区系分类及其适应进化研究

Parasitic and phoretic gamasid mites, being potential natural enemy resources of agricultural pests, of insects and the mite-insect relationships have a great importance for our understanding of the origin and subsequent evolution of parasitism and of the development of adaptations to the parasitic mode of life in intraspecific relation of arthropods. in the last few decades, studies on the mites within specific large areas or various habitats have been conducted with support of science fund in many countries. This project proposes studies to obtain new information on diversity of the mite fauna in China through comprehensive field investigation and taxonomic work, to understand morphological variation and evolution trend of adapting to the life model by phylogenetic method and 'mite→insect' and 'insect→mite' analysis, to develop data bases, which will be accessible via internet, of the mites and their host insects found and records in available literature on different aspects of the mites and their hosts. The objectives of the studies are to improve our knowledge on the diversity of the gamasid mites epsecialy those with particular interest in the study of enemies of pest insects, on the co-evolutionary lineage between the mites and the insects by the analytical method proposed by the project team and on the promptly available by electronic means to the lay people and acarologists. The project would have great significance for promoting the study on the mites associated with insects in China and may lead to the discovery of new promising enemy species of the pest that could be made available for practical use.

昆虫寄生性和携播性革螨（昆虫寄携革螨）是重要天敌资源和探索物种相互关系进化的模式材料。近三十年来许多国家持续开展了特定区域或生态环境中昆虫寄携螨的研究，我国与之有很大差距：昆虫寄携革螨区系类群构成不清，物种资源不明，寄携革螨不同类群间系统发育关系及其与昆虫寄主间相互关系缺乏研究。本项目主要研究内容为：全面调查中国昆虫寄携革螨并进行分类学研究，深入认识中国区系；解析寄携革螨形态分异特点，用系统发育分析方法阐释其适应性演化趋势；构建"革螨→昆虫"和"昆虫→革螨"分析方法，探索二者相互关系的演化；汇聚本项目研究结果和甄别文献成果，构建革螨及其寄主昆虫资源信息应用系统。主要创新及特色：提高我国昆虫寄携革螨区系资源的认识水平；建立革螨适应性进化分析新方法并获得新知识；提升我国寄携革螨物种资源的知识集成化水平。本项目有多年预研的良好基础，对缩小我国本领域的国际差距、丰富害虫天敌资源具有重要意义。

许多国家十分重视并持续开展了特定区域或生态环境中昆虫寄携革螨的研究，我国与之有很大差距。本项目着重研究昆虫关联革螨中国区系分类、比较形态学、革螨-昆虫间关系，并努力实现物种资源信息共享。通过对源自我国26个省份的12000余号昆虫寄携革螨进行分类学研究，已鉴定标本含20个科、32个属、65种，其中有4个中国新纪录科，11个中国新纪录属，3个新纪录种，26个新种，为中国昆虫寄携革螨区系的重要新发现。这些新发现极大地提升了中国寄携革螨的认识水平，为进一步探索昆虫寄携螨物种区系构成和生物地理演化提供了新的科学资料。同时，其中一些昆虫寄携螨与农业害虫关系密切，具有进一步筛选用于害虫生物防治的应用潜力。. 通过对寄携革螨颚体、附肢、毛序为主的重要结构的比较形态学研究，发现和总结了一些过去忽略的、具有分类依据意义的特征，如头盖的分叉类型、口下板上的3对颚毛h1-h3和1对须肢基节毛h4、背板间毛Px列（I毛）数目及位置、胸板前侧角、后侧角延伸度等。比较形态学研究结果为阐明昆虫寄革螨相关类群高级阶元分类地位、物种及高级分类单元特征定义具有重要价值。. 通过对“革螨-昆虫”关联关系分析，认为寄携革螨与“载体昆虫”有“属—属”关联关系，即似无属级水平上的关联关系。寄携革螨主要有三类——专性寄生者，兼性寄生者，偶然关联者，提出革螨与载体昆虫的关系沿着“捕食或共栖→携播→寄生”的路线发展进化。. 项目成员参与建设了贵州省科技资源共享平台“贵州省昆虫、螨类、蜘蛛标本标准化整理、数字化表达及网络共享平台——贵州省节肢动物数据库” （http://www.gzkc.org/），录入了近100种革螨的物种信息。该平台运行3年来，系统稳定性较好，初步实现了本项目所鉴定物种资源的社会共享。