甘肃道地药材纹党品质形成的机制研究

Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. Var. modesta (Nannf.) L.T. Shen has been cultivated and used for medicinal purposes in Gansu Province since antiquity, with the trade names "Wendang" and "Xidang". There have been a lot of researches conducted, such as "Variety and quality control research of Codonopsis Radix in Gansu Province", "geographic variation and genuineness research of Codonopsis Radix in Gansu Province", and "Research on seed germplasm of Codonopsis Radix in Gansu Province". Based on these research achievements, this study focuses on the comprehensive evaluation of Codonopsis Radix using a variety of indicators, for instance, appearance characters of Wendang, correlation of growing environments between wild and cultivated crude drugs, differences in shape and mass, and inner quality and safety. The influence of environmental factors on total ash content, acid insoluble ash, extractum, dangshen acetylene glycosides, dangshen polysaccharide and total saponins of Codonopsis Radix was studied using gray relative analysis method. On top of that, soil pH value, elevation, carbon nitrogen ratio, growth time and microelement in soil (iron, manganese, potassium, magnesium calcium and phosphorus) were also studied in correlation with chemical composition of Codonopsis. A multi-index Quantitative Evaluation Method of Codonopsis was first proposed, resulting in a better quality evaluation system for the degree of influence of environment factors on Codonopsis Radix. These results lay a technical foundation for environment selection and cultivation measures management of Codonopsis Radix production.

素花党参（Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L.T.Shen）在甘肃有悠久的药用历史和栽培记载，商品名"纹党"或"西党"。本研究在"甘肃党参的品种与质量研究"、"甘肃党参的地理变异及道地性研究"及"甘肃产党参种子种质研究"研究成果的基础上，将纹党的形色气味等外观性状，野生与栽培药材生长环境的相关性，"辨状论质"内涵，结合内在质量及安全性进行全面客观评价，用灰色关联分析法分别研究纹党总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、浸出物、党参炔苷、党参多糖和总皂苷受环境因素的影响程度。同时进行土壤pH值、海拔、碳氮比、生长时间以及土壤铁、锰和钾对各化学成分的影响程度，土壤镁、钙和磷对各化学成分的影响程度。首次提出纹党多指标量化评价方法，首次阐明环境因素对纹党质量的影响程度，建立一套更为完整的纹党质量评价体系；为纹党生产的产地环境选择和栽培措施管理提供方法

素花党参（Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L.T.Shen）在甘肃有悠久的药用历史和栽培记载，商品名“纹党”或“西党”。本研究将纹党的形色气味等外观性状，野生与栽培药材生长环境的相关性，“辨状论质”内涵，结合内在质量进行全面客观评价，研究了纹党总灰分、酸不溶性灰分、浸出物、党参炔苷、党参多糖和总皂苷受环境因素的影响程度。对甘肃不同产地党参中党参炔苷含量进行检测分析，测定结果表明，不同产地党参样品党参炔苷含量在0.0154～0.4541μg/μL，平均为0.23125 μg/μL。甘肃不同产地党参多糖含量在18.38%~47.25%，平均含量为34.12%，变异幅度为29.27%。甘肃不同产地党参药材中总皂苷含量在24.72mg/g~63.99mg/g，最高含量与最低含量相差近3倍，平均为37.75 mg/g，变异幅度为31.12%。纹党生长期内不同月份总皂苷含量结果：4月含量最高，8月增长幅度最大，9月开始下降，4月份纹党所含总皂苷含量( 38.56mg/g) 较白条党总皂苷含量( 9.18mg/g) 高出29.38mg/g，从5 月份纹党总皂苷含量趋于下降趋势，在6～8月间纹党总皂苷含量呈现出上升趋势，8月底总皂苷含量达到全年的最大值，9～11月之间纹党总皂含量趋于下降趋势，11 月底达到最低含量，12月～3 月份药材处于休眠状态，不符合根类药材采收期。温度和土壤湿度对党参种子和幼苗发育有显著影响，党参种子萌发和幼苗发育最佳温度在20~30℃，最佳湿度在45%～75%；草木灰处理和适宜质量浓度的化学药剂、生长调节剂处理都能有效地促进党参种子萌发和幼苗发育，但生长调节剂会改变党参幼苗的形态特征，草木灰拌种处理党参种子萌发快，幼苗发育快，植株性状正常且病害少。选择轮休田进行党参生产，能够明显的提高田地保墒能力，减少田间杂草的生长，延长党参的生长周期，从而有效地提高党参的产量和质量，保证党参的稳产、高产。本研究首次提出纹党多指标量化评价方法，初步阐明环境因素对纹党质量的影响程度，建立了一套更为完善的纹党质量评价体系；为纹党生产的产地环境选择和栽培措施管理提供技术支撑。为实施中药材生产质量管理规范和药材的质量控制，建立中药材优质生产基地提供理论依据与技术支撑。