基于旋转风轮气弹稳定特征的风力机叶片廓线集成理论与优化设计研究

The project is to study optimization design of shape and performance for wind turbine blades based on the aeroelastic stability of rotary rotors which have influence on aerodynamic characteristics and design condition of wind turbine blades. Using the functional analysis theory and series form, the integration expression and convergence of shape function for wind turbine blades will be introduced. With the aerodynamics, structural and elastic dynamics, the coupling essence between the aeroelastic stability of rotary rotors and shape function of wind turbine blades will be investigated. Then using multidisciplinary optimization method, the optimization design model of wind turbine baldes including of aeroelastic stability of rotary rotor and functional integration expression will be presented and resolved by searching optimization strategy and arithmetic. Finally, the independent and innovative design method for wind turbine blades which is different with other traditionary design method will be introduced. The new and efficient blades will be found to increase the output power of wind turbines and reduce the cost of wind power. The aerodynamic and structural characteristics of design blades will be validated with wind tunnel test. The achievements of this project not only have very important significance to improve the design level of wind turbine blades, but aslo can advance manufacturing capability of wind power equipment.

针对旋转风轮气弹稳定性对风力机叶片结构气动性能及其设计环境的影响，利用泛函分析理论和多学科协同优化设计思想，在风力机叶片曲面形状函数集成表达及其收敛特征研究基础上，以空气动力学和结构弹性力学理论为基础，打破传统的叶片翼型设计思想，研究旋转风轮气弹稳定本质特性及其作用于风力机叶片曲面廓线集成数学模型的耦合机理，建立基于广义泛函的叶片曲面廓线多目标、多学科协同优化设计数学模型，探寻一种高效协同优化策略与算法，对叶片曲面廓线进行形状优化，形成风力机叶片曲面形状自主设计的新理论和新方法，设计出结构气动性能优越的风力机叶片翼型，提高风力机捕捉风能的效率，并通过风洞模拟试验对设计叶片模型的性能进行测试和验证。本研究为研制新型高效风力机叶片奠定了理论基础，提出的新的叶片曲面形状优化设计理论对提高我国风力机叶片设计水平及风电装备制造业自主研发能力都具有重要的意义。

项目以风力机翼型为对象，应用边界层理论建立翼型前缘的气流分离模型，探讨了气流分离前后翼型表面压力场和速度场的变化规律。比起传统的翼型反设计理论，提出了一种新的集成的、直接的通用翼型型线泛函设计理论和方法。以动量叶素理论为基础，充分考虑叶尖损失对风轮空气动力学特性的影响，建立了新的风力机叶片气动性能分析模型。应用结构动力学原理，在研究风轮旋转引起载荷特性的基础上，提出了风力机叶片结构性能分析模型。通过研究风力机叶片在其载荷特征作用下的变形对风场来流的影响，耦合叶片的气动及结构力学模型，提出了一种旋转风力机叶片的气动与结构性能分析方法，使得风力机叶片的性能参数分析更为准确。在研究叶片气弹耦合的特征基础上，提出了风力机叶片曲面形状的优化设计方法，设计出了性能优越的风力机叶片并进行了试验验证，在保证风轮输出功率稳定的条件下，降低了风力机叶片的所受载荷及变形，提高了叶片的寿命，为高性能风力机叶片的开发奠定了理论基础。