基于多场闭环耦合的滚珠丝杠副精度稳定性建模、优化及实验研究

New requirements on the performance of ball screws are proposed by high speed of ball screws in spite of high efficiency machining. Vibration, deformation and temperature rise are introduced. This phenomenon is more complicated taking account of the lubricant. Axial deformation and vibration directly affect accuracy stability of ball screws. Therefore, high-speed precise ball screws will be taken as the research object in the project. The closed coupling relationship of multi-physics parameters of typical joints will be studied. A screw–nut interface stiffness model will be established taking account of the thermal/ fluid factor. An accuracy stability model of high-speed precise ball screws based on multi-physics closed loop coupling will be established by finite element method(FEM). Axial deformation and vibration of nuts will be obtained under typical working conditions. On that basis, Kriging-based optimization method for accuracy stability of high-speed precise ball screws will be developed. Combined with the engineering practice, optimal design parameters will be obtained. At last, the experiment platform for multi-physics coupling characteristics will be designed and established. Key theory and methods will be verified by the experimental study. Deep-layer multi-physics closed loop coupling mechanism and accuracy stability of high-speed precise ball screws will be revealed in the project. The project has scientific significance and engineering value to promoting high speed and high accuracy of modern manufacturing equipments.

滚珠丝杠副高速化在大幅提高加工效率的同时也对其性能提出了新的要求。滚珠丝杠副高速化带来了温升、变形和振动等诸多问题，加之润滑剂的影响，使其变形和振动更加复杂，而轴向变形和振动直接影响滚珠丝杠副精度稳定性。因此，本项目以高速精密滚珠丝杠副为研究对象，深入研究其典型结合部多场耦合参数的内在物理关系，建立考虑热/流因素的螺母-丝杠结合部耦合刚度模型，采用有限元法建立基于多场闭环耦合的高速精密滚珠丝杠副精度稳定性模型，求解典型工况下螺母位置轴向变形和振幅；在此基础上提出基于Kriging代理模型的高速精密滚珠丝杠副精度稳定性优化方法，结合工程实际获得关键设计参数的最优值；最后，设计和搭建其多场闭环耦合特性实验平台，对关键理论和方法的正确性和可行性进行验证。项目预期揭示高速精密滚珠丝杠副多场闭环耦合和精度稳定性的深层次物理机制，对于推动和促进现代制造装备的高速化、精密化具有重要的科学意义和工程价值。

滚珠丝杠副高速化在大幅提高加工效率的同时也对其性能提出了新的要求。滚珠丝杠副高速化带来了温升、变形和振动等诸多问题，加之润滑剂的影响，使其变形和振动更加复杂，而轴向变形和振动直接影响滚珠丝杠副精度稳定性。因此，本项目以高速精密滚珠丝杠副为研究对象，深入研究其典型结合部多场耦合参数的内在物理关系，实现了热阻、发热强度、油膜承载力与预紧力的映射表达。建立了螺母-丝杠结合部轴向刚度和耦合刚度模型。设计和优化调谐质量阻尼器，实现了滚珠丝杠副的弯曲/轴向振动控制。采用有限元法建立基于多场闭环耦合的高速精密滚珠丝杠副热变形求解模型，进而提出了热变形抑制方案，采用基于Kriging代理模型的优化方法实现对设计参数的优化。最后，设计和搭建其多场闭环耦合特性实验平台，对关键理论和方法的正确性和可行性进行验证。项目揭示了高速精密滚珠丝杠副多场耦合和精度稳定性的深层次物理机制，对于推动和促进现代制造装备的高速化、精密化具有重要的科学意义和工程价值。