甚低含量功能化石墨烯“离位”强韧自愈合环氧先进复合材料

Damages of matrix crack and delamination caused by foreign object impact and fatigue load during preparation, processing, use and maintenance are the main failure mode of polymer matrix composites. In the Young Scholar Project (No. 50903095), self-healing of fatigue damages in composites was studied, and a new material capable of healing fatigue crack damage automatically was achieved. It is a breakthrough in rapid in-situ healing of fatigue cracks, which was an unsolved difficulty in the past. Sixteen relevant research papers have been published in some journals such as ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, and it has applied for three patents. However, this passive repair mode cannot effectively prevent or restrain the matrix cracks’ initiation and propagation from the root. So, it is only a kind of solution addressing from symptoms but not root causes. On the basis, the project plans to further develop the preparation research of self-healing advanced composite materials and their resistance to impact and fatigue damage. Ex-situ technology proposed by Professor Xiaosu Yi will be introduced, and very low content of surface functionalized graphene, which possesses outstanding strengthening and toughening effects on polymer materials, will be selected to improve the interlaminar matrix of the composites. The aim is to full play the synergistic strengthening and toughening effects between functionalized grapheme and carbon fiber, and the synergistic effects between the strengthening and toughening function of functionalized graphene and the self-healing function of microcapsules. The new composites are expected not only to be capable of preventing or inhibiting the initiation and propagation of matrix cracks radically, but also to be capable of self-healing crack damages timely and effectively. Finally, the purpose of solving the crack damage problem by addressing both symptoms and root causes will be achieved.

由外物冲击和疲劳所引发的基体开裂、层间分层等损伤破坏是造成聚合物基复合材料失效的主要模式。青年基金项目为此开展了复合材料疲劳损伤自愈合研究，获得一种能够愈合疲劳破坏的新型材料，突破以往无法原位快速愈合疲劳裂纹的难题，在ACS等期刊发表研究论文16篇，申请专利3件。但这种被动修复方式无法有效地从源头上阻止和抑制基体裂纹的萌生和扩展，是一种治‘标’不治‘本’的解决方案。本项目拟在此基础上，进一步开展自愈合先进复合材料制备及抵抗冲击和疲劳等损伤破坏方面的研究，引入“离位”技术，采用甚低含量的对高分子材料具有显著强韧效果的功能化石墨烯增强、增韧复合材料层间基体，充分发挥功能化石墨烯与碳纤维之间对基体的协同强韧作用以及功能化石墨烯强韧功能与微胶囊自愈合功能之间的协同作用，使复合材料既能够从源头上阻止或抑制裂纹的萌生和扩展、又能够及时有效地愈合产生的裂纹损伤破坏，达到对裂纹损伤‘标’‘本’兼治的目的。

由外物冲击和疲劳所引发的基体开裂、层间分层等损伤破坏是造成聚合物基复合材料失效的主要模式。本项目开展了自愈合先进复合材料制备及抵抗冲击和疲劳等损伤破坏方面的研究，通过引入“离位”技术、改善环氧树脂基体综合性能、优化微胶囊愈合体系，进一步采用甚低含量的功能化石墨烯增强、增韧复合材料层间基体，充分发挥功能化石墨烯与碳纤维之间对基体的协同强韧作用以及功能化石墨烯强韧功能与微胶囊自愈合功能之间的协同作用，使复合材料既能够从源头上阻止或抑制裂纹的萌生和扩展、又能够及时有效地愈合产生的裂纹损伤破坏，达到对裂纹损伤‘标’‘本’兼治的目的。借鉴最新研究趋势，为提高复合材料综合性能，初步开展了可循环回收利用的新型热固性热固性树脂基先进复合材料制备研究，证实了碳纤维和合成基体树脂主要原料的多次可回收性，为下一步赋予复合材料自愈合功能和功能化石墨烯增强功能、提高复合材料的综合性能、拓展先进复合材料的研究和应用范围打下坚实基础。