跨境民族的流动性、空间生产与文化建构——云南世居民族案例

Spatial practices, cross-broder mobilites of cross-border ethnic groups have significant implications for the reconstruction of social and cultural meanings in border areas. This research investigates the spatial behaviors and spatial practices of cross-border ethnic groups in Yunnan Province. In particular, it will interrogate the ways in which cross-border mobility can reconstruct the social and cultural meanings of border and border areas. Cross-border ethnic groups demonstrate a surprising diversity in their historical formations. They have unique trajectories of social formation and cultural production and the complexities in those processes have significant implications for geopolitics and national security. It deserves between attention amongst social and cultural geographers. More importantly, cross-border ethnic groups can be conceptualized as a transnational phenomenon and it needs to be problematized within the particular constellations of international relations. This project takes border theories as its theoretical foundation; and it also takes the production of space and spatial mobility as its analytical perspectives. This project conceptualizes border not as rigid, prefixed line which divides different nation states. Rather, it sees border as the product of social practices and social relations. It is also mediated by the dominant structures of power. Its construction is embedded in these complex processes of social formation and cultural production. And it has significant, rich social and cultural meanings. This project will investigate the role which border can play in organizing and articulating social relations and cultural meanings for cross-border ethnic groups. It will also study the ways in which the complex mobilities and spatial practices of cross-border ethnic groups can reconstruct the structures of social relations, and reproduce the cultural meanings of borders. Combining the perspectives of border, mobility and the production of space, this project will also investigate how the cultural identities of cross-border ethnic groups can be reproduced through complex spatial processes. This research has the potential to contribute to cultural geography and political geography in China, which are fast developing but still premature. It can also provide insights for national security and the social harmony in border areas.

云南跨境民族的空间行为、空间实践，以及其跨境活动的流动性对于边界和边境地区的社会与文化意义的重构有重要作用。跨境民族以其民族过程的多样性、特殊复杂性、国际性和对国家安全、地缘政治影响的重要性，理当引起人文地理学的关注。国与国之间的边界不是简单的国家疆界与政治秩序的"线条"，而是一种社会实践与空间实践，以及社会权力互动的产物，其本身镶嵌于复杂的社会关系与文化生产过程之中，具有丰富的社会与文化意义。课题拟以边界理论为依托，以流动性和空间生产为主要视角，着重探讨"边界"在跨境民族社会生活组织中的重要作用，以及跨境民族通过自身流动性和丰富的空间实践，重新建构社会关系与文化关系，并生产边界的文化意义等问题，关注跨境民族的文化认同和身份在地理过程中被重新生产的进程。研究不仅是对我国薄弱的政治地理和新文化地理的有益补充，也对国家安全和边境地区的和谐具有重要的社会价值。

云南跨境民族的空间行为、空间实践，以及其跨境活动的流动性对于边界和边境地区的社会与文化意义的重构有重要作用。课题以边界理论为基础，以“流动性”和“空间生产”为研究视角，以中越边境和中缅边境为主要研究区域，重点探讨跨境民族频繁的跨界流动和丰富的空间实践及其重新建构的社会关系与文化关系。研究的主要内容、结论与贡献如下：. 1.边界与跨境的空间实践研究：边界作为一种空间秩序的符号置身于复杂的政治权力、社会关系与文化意义之中。边民与边境管理者丰富的跨界流动性实践，包括了自下而上到自上而下的双向互动，边境草根群体自下而上的微观的社会行为和空间行为，不断适应国家所限定的空间规则以及文化意义，同时也通过自身的越界行为不断重构边界的文化意义。权力机关在边境生存法则基础上的流动性实践深化了国家意志，边界即成为权力“物化”的工具，边境地区同时被不断地规划和塑造。. 2.跨界的流动性与民族文化认同、国家认同研究：跨境的流动性增强了边境地区居民对边界两侧形成的社会、经济和政治等方面差异性的感知，导致了多元文化认同的产生，同时增强了中国边民的国家认同与国家自豪感。. 3.跨境区域化与边境城市发展：瑞丽跨境贸易的繁荣，构建起了当地产业升级的蓝图：缅甸进口翡翠和红木加工业的迅速扩张、缅甸移民工人的大量涌入，显现出中国从国家、省级、地方各个层面，都努力协调和利用中缅社会经济条件之间的互补性，尝试通过促进跨境合作和区域一体化，促进边境城市的开放和快速发展。. 4.跨境流动中的女性群体的社会空间：中越边境地区存在大量的越南女性跨国婚姻移民，缺失合法身份的越南女性日常的社会空间遭受排斥，婚姻移民社会空间排斥具有空间区隔和空间规训两种形式，其成因有政治性、社会性和文化性的特点。她们的抗争既是对国家与社会的回应，也是女性对父权制文化的挑战。. 该研究课题丰富和发展了空间生产和边界理论，补充或深化现有的流动性研究和乡村空间的研究，实现文化地理学在边疆、民族地区研究领域的拓展。研究不仅是对我国薄弱的政治地理和新文化地理的有益补充，也对国家安全和边境地区的和谐具有重要的社会价值。