基于动态蒸发预测的超低温液氢主动泄放机理研究

As an efficient and mature technology of hydrogen storage and transportation, liquid hydrogen has become an important cornerstone for the development of hydrogen fuel cell automobile and the construction of hydrogen energy society. Releasing boiled-off-gas of liquid hydrogen in the process of storage and transportation, is not only related to the vessel's safety, but also threatens the environment by fire and explosion. In order to meet the lower loss and higher safety requirements from civil use of liquid hydrogen, it’s important to understand the physical characteristics of liquid hydrogen in its complicated storage and transportation conditions. And then to find a safe and efficient release technology of liquid hydrogen. Based on the heat and mass transfer prediction model and safety criterions, this project proposes a dynamic prediction model of liquid hydrogen evaporation. Then a new release system with activity and safety is designed. By integrating the conversion and throttling of para-hydrogen, cold energy in the releasing LH2-BOG can be collected and applied to cool the storage system. In the end, it will eliminate the potential safety hazards of liquid hydrogen and improve the efficiency and safety of liquid hydrogen in its storage and transportation.

液氢作为高效、成熟的大规模氢能储运形式，成为发展航天航空、新能源汽车和分布式能源产业，构建氢能社会的重要基石。但作为超低温流体，液氢在储运过程中极易吸热蒸发造成氢气泄放，不仅关系到液氢容器自身的装备安全，还涉及泄放区域的防火防爆安全，因此准确预测液氢储运泄放过程的物理特性、开发安全可靠的液氢泄放技术、满足大规模民用液氢的高安全、低成本需求，已经成为低温装备和氢能领域极为重要的研究课题。本项目基于液氢蒸发预测模型提出了一种安全、低损耗的主动泄放机理和系统装置，通过建立动态储运工况下的低温两相流传热传质模型，实现液氢储运过程蒸发量和泄放时机预测，结合氢气泄放安全性评价体系构建液氢主动安全泄放策略；研制集成仲氢转化制冷、节流制冷的液氢蒸发气主动泄放系统，实现泄放过程的主动调控和冷能回收，减少液氢泄放频率和损耗，进一步提高大规模液氢储运的安全性和高效性。

本研究针对液氢在道路运输工况下蒸发、泄放特性进行研究，包括建立了液氢动态蒸发计算流体力学模型、蒸发气主动泄放控制策略及其装置和平台。受资助人建立液氢的蒸发相变模型，分析并研究了不同因素对液氢罐箱压力和无损储存时间的影响，讨论了在实际道路行驶状态下罐箱压力的变化，并整理形成液氢罐箱的压力函数关系；根据以上研究结果，为河南洛阳-上海临港的液氢运输路线设计了行驶路径、行驶策略和多种运输工况下的主动泄放控制策略；成功将液氢蒸发主动泄放策略落实为液氢主动泄放装置与液氢储运装备主动安全泄放实验平台两大实物装置，实现多场景多工况下安全、准确地监测液氢储运容器的储存特性和蒸发气主动泄放策略评估。.在研期间，本项目形成论文成果10篇，知识产权4项，较好地解决了液氢主动蒸发预测和主动泄放控制问题，并进一步推动规模化民用液氢落地。