淀粉分子胶态聚集体组装机制及其小肠靶向控释特性

Focused on the control of starch molecular colloidal aggregation structure and the changing and response of the molecular assembly and aggregation behavior of starch molecules under the processing and storage factors of the health food and physiological conditions in human gastrointestinal tract such as temperature, pH, ionic strength and enzyme, the key essential scientific problems on the design of starch-based carrier materials, for the immunomodulatory food ingredients, targeted to the M cells located on the Peyer's patch of the small intestine and their colloidal microencapsulation and targeting controlled release properties will be investigated. Based on the hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction, the starch molecular self-assembly and the layer-by-layer assembly between starch molecular chains will be regulated by appropriate starch modification to control the aggregation behavior between the starch and immunomodulatory peptide and between starch molecular chains, to control the digestibility, particle size and targeting controlled release properties of the starch colloidal microcapsule. The changing of the starch structure caused by modification and the changing of aggregation behavior of starch molecules under the processing, storage and physiological factors will be deeply studied. Furthermore, the relationship among the microstructure and molecular motion of starches, microstructure and targeting controlled release properties of the starch colloidal microcapsules will be revealed. These studies will offer theoretic support for the improvement of the bioaccessibility of immunomodulatory food ingredients. The results will not only contribute to the design of the starch-based controlled release carrier materials and functional targeting manufacture for immunomodulatory foods, but also facilitate to the starch yielding a high added value and the development of the health foods.

从控制淀粉分子胶态聚集体的结构及其对食品加工与储藏、人体消化道中温度、pH、离子强度、酶等环境条件的响应演变的角度，开展靶向小肠M细胞的食品免疫调节功能因子淀粉基载体材料及其胶态聚集体微囊化包埋与靶向控释的基础科学问题研究。基于静电、氢键等非共价键相互作用，选择合适的分子修饰技术协调淀粉分子氢键自组装聚集和淀粉分子间静电层层组装微囊化行为，从分子层面上对淀粉分子之间、与免疫活性肽之间的聚集、组装微囊化、消化性能、微囊尺寸和靶向控释特性进行调控，获得淀粉修饰条件的改变而导致的淀粉分子结构及其在环境条件下分子间和与免疫活性肽之间聚集组装行为的变化规律，建立淀粉分子结构、胶态微囊结构和靶向控释特性之间的关系，进而为解决食品免疫调节功能因子的生物利用有效性提供理论支撑。研究结果将对淀粉基控释载体和免疫食品的功能品质靶向设计具有显著的科学意义，并对提高淀粉附加值和促进健康食品发展具有重要的指导意义。

由于现代食品科技的不断进步，各类具有生理活性的功能因子不断涌现，然而这些功能因子在加工、储存及人体内消化过程中，易受加工和生理环境条件的影响而失活、甚至劣变。因此，确保以这些食品功能因子为基础的健康食品的营养功能品质及其高效利用，构建微囊化包埋控释载体材料及其控释系统已成为当今食品科学领域所面临亟待解决的关键基础科学问题之一。.本项目从控制淀粉分子组装聚集体的结构及其在食品加工储藏、人体消化道中环境条件响应演变的新颖角度，采用高温高压-酶协同修饰，等离子体处理，阴阳离子化及其与酶法和等离子体耦合修饰，多糖复合修饰，M细胞靶向肽修饰等方法，从分子层面上对淀粉分子的分子链长、支叉结构、带电性能、消化速度、pH响应性、M细胞靶向性及其与功能因子复合聚集行为进行调控，赋予淀粉基载体材料与目的功能因子有效封装、聚集组装微囊化、细胞靶向识别和控制释放的功能，设计出了优良的淀粉基胶态组装微囊化载体材料。在此基础上，基于静电、氢键等非共价键相互作用，将淀粉分子氢键自组装聚集和淀粉分子间静电组装结合起来，从分子团簇层面上协调淀粉分子链之间的组装聚集、消化性能和靶向控释特性，获得了淀粉基胶态微囊层层组装微囊化、淀粉基水分散体胶态包衣微囊化、多糖复合薄膜包衣微囊化等功能因子胶态微囊化的方法，为实现淀粉分子胶态聚集体微囊化包埋控释系统的设计提供了新途径。.通过项目的实施，获得了系列靶向小肠M细胞的淀粉胶态聚集体微囊载体材料，形成了合理调控淀粉分子与功能因子复合聚集、聚集组装微囊化、靶向控释性能的有效方法，建立了淀粉基载体材料分子结构、淀粉分子胶态聚集体微囊结构和靶向控释性能间的关系，为提高食品功能因子的稳定性和生物利用有效性提供了理论基础。研究成果对健康营养功能食品的发展和科技进步，对延伸淀粉深加工产业链，提高我国淀粉深加工的国际竞争力，及促进健康食品科学和淀粉科学的发展都具有十分重要的意义。