区域视野下乡村聚落遗产集群式保护方法研究——以山西古村镇为例

Under the background of rapid development in urban and rural areas, prosperity unexampled rural settlement heritage protection cannot avoid the fact of environmental fragmentation, and because of this, Induce a series of protection trouble. This research focuses on the core concept of "integrity", and based on the cognition of "Regional rural settlement". We plan to take "the ancient villages and towns in Shanxi Province" which we have long-term focus on as the research object, to explore the "cluster" protection method based on regional correlation. This research revolves around the following content: First, explore the evolution mechanism of rural settlements to identify the regional association characteristic between villages; Second, establish regional correlation measure and evaluation framework for judging the villages’ overall status in the present environment; Third, explore the cluster protection system construction method, which will be used to reconstruct the framework of space 、culture and characteristics; Forth, study on cluster units coordinated protection method to direct the protection planning and construction. Through this research project, we expected to realize breakthrough in overall protection theory and method, while the rural settlement heritages protection turn to regional protection. In application, it will to apply scientific decision basis and technical framework for the regional overall protection of rural settlement heritage, and to provide methodological guidance for protection planning，having important theoretical significance and application prospects.

城乡快速发展背景下，空前繁荣的乡村聚落遗产保护无可规避地面临着历史环境碎片化现实，以及因其导致的一系列保护困境。本课题聚焦“整体性”保护这一核心理念，以“乡村聚落的区域性”认识为基础，拟以长期关注的“山西省古村镇”为研究对象，探索基于区域关联性的“集群式”保护方法。本课题主要围绕以下内容展开：一、探索乡村聚落的演化机制，总结其区域关联表征；二、建立区域关联性测度与评估系统，判断村落在当下环境中的整体性状态；三、探索集群保护体系建构方法，重构空间、文化与特色框架；四，研究集群单元的协同式保护方法，指导保护规划与建设。通过本课题的研究，有望在乡村聚落遗产区域化保护转向中，实现整体保护理论和方法的突破；在应用上，将为乡村聚落遗产区域整体保护提供科学性决策依据和技术框架，为保护规划编制提供方法指导，具有重要理论意义和应用前景。

本课题聚焦“整体性”保护理念，以“乡村聚落的区域性”认识为基础，探索基于区域关联性的“集群式”保护方法，完成了以下研究内容：①提出乡村聚落的内生性和外生性两种演化机制，并在此基础上，总结了区域关联的三大表征；②建立了空间关联度、文化关联度、特色关联度三个指标的区域关联性测度数理模型，并建立了乡村聚落关联性的三维评估框架，用以表征不同形式的关联状态；③提出集群的“区域——次区域——群域——组团”多层次体系，并总结出“转译、叠置、拟合”的集群体系建构方法；④围绕“保护控制”和“展示利用”两大基本内容方面，在群域空间内提出“协同式”保护方法 。通过本课题的研究，在乡村聚落遗产区域化保护转向中，初步实现了整体保护理论和方法的突破；在应用上，能够为乡村聚落遗产区域整体保护提供了科学性决策依据和技术框架，为保护规划编制提供方法指导。