群系视野下的传统堡寨聚落空间信息图谱研究——以黄河中游地区为例

On account of the missing research link of the hierarchical system of vernacular dwellings and the lack of quantitative analysis in this field, the item will set up a perspective of settlement formation, and try to make an interdisciplinary transplant of the spatial information graphic methodology from geoscience. Beginning with observation of the fortification morphology, a case study on the formation of the traditional fort-type settlements in the middle reaches area of the Yellow River will be carried out systematically, meanwhile, the spatial analysis techniques of GIS will be applied. With the collection of quantities of research information and the integration of different thinking of graph, quantization and mechanism, the spatial analysis will be conducted accordingly from macro-scale to micro-scale. Through the thorough study, the item will clarify the pedigree of the traditional fort-type settlement formation in detail, and will grasp the spatial features and the geographical and temporal distribution regularities of the different sub-types. In addition, it will make clear the evolution of the basic fortification pattern. Finally, some targeted strategies will be put forward for the protection of the settlement heritages, on the basis of the quantified spatial analysis of some typical settlements. During the procedure of the study, a database will be constructed, which will be helpful to the realization of the multidimensional spatial information atlas of the traditional fort-type settlements. Overall, the item will try to set up a paradigm for settlement research with multi-scale framework and combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis, which can give full play to the advantage of graphic thinking. The item will not only enrich and perfect the study on the traditional settlement system, and use cutting-edge science theory and technology innovatively, but also have positive significance on promotion of cultural heritage protection and relational social cultural researches.

针对当前传统民居聚落的层次体系研究缺环以及量化分析匮乏等问题，本项目适时提出"群系"研究视角，并跨学科借鉴空间信息图谱理论，从考察聚落的"设防"形态特征入手，选择具有典型意义的黄河中游地区开展"传统堡寨聚落"群系的整体性探讨。该研究发挥"形、数、理"一体化思维，整合研究资源，充分挖掘GIS空间分析技术，通过从宏观到微观的系统审视，厘清该地区传统堡寨聚落的群系类型与分布规律，掌握其基本设防模式的演进脉络，并在典型聚落案例空间分析的基础上，对堡寨聚落遗产保护提出针对性策略。研究过程中配合同期数据库建设与支持，实现"传统堡寨聚落群系多维空间信息图谱"的构建，尝试探索一种发挥本学科空间图形思维优势、多尺度整体架构、定性与定量结合的聚落研究范式。本项目具有丰富完善传统民居聚落体系研究、跨学科创新运用前沿理论与技术、推动文化遗产保护与相关社会文化研究等方面的重要科研价值。

本课题顺应当今学界强调系统科学的时代需求，针对传统（堡寨）聚落个体或单一类型研究居多、缺乏系统整合的局限，提出采用“群系”的聚落研究新视角，关注堡寨聚落的集群类别组成、群体性地理分布、及其社会文化内涵与历史时空发展的关系。项目跨学科借鉴空间信息图谱理论，依托地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析技术，选择具有典型意义的黄河中游地区开展“传统堡寨聚落群系”的整体性探讨。通过研究厘清了该地区堡寨聚落群系类型总体构成与宏观分布规律，掌握了堡寨聚落的基本设防模式的演进脉络；进而针对特色子系开展代表类型研究，分析总结其区域时空分布嬗变，关注物质层面的形态特征及其与制度层面、社会层面等的相互关系；聚焦聚落防御体系的物质性“硬防卫”与精神性“软防卫”的双重性格，深入探讨两种防卫机能的运作，揭示聚落的空间内涵与文化个性；在典型子系案例空间分析的基础上，发掘堡寨聚落的防御性空间内涵，对其堡寨聚落遗产保护提出针对性策略。研究过程中配合同期数据库建设与支持，实现黄河中游地区传统堡寨聚落群系空间信息系列图谱的生成，尝试探索一种发挥本学科空间图形思维优势、多尺度整体架构、定性与定量结合的聚落研究模式，为开展更广范围的堡寨聚落群系分区研究先行探路。本项目具有丰富完善传统民居聚落体系研究、跨学科创新运用前沿理论与技术、推动文化遗产保护与相关社会文化研究等方面的重要科研价值。