基于微景观的平原农区土系调查方法技术研究

Soil taxonomy has many advantages such as quantification and diagnosability. The higher categories of Chinese Soil Taxonomy have been established for many years and main research work of soil series was basically completed in the east area, which can laid the foundation for soil series survey and mapping. We have been completed the research on a set of method and technology for subgroup survey and soil series survey based on the Chinese Soil Taxonomy in hilly area，subsidized by two fund projects of the National Natural Science Foundation “The research on methods, technology and standard specification for soil survey and mapping based on soil taxonomy” and “The further research on methods, technology and standard specification for soil survey and mapping based on soil taxonomy”. The Plain is the region where concentrated human activity and agricultural production, therefore the crop growing areas in plain need more detailed data on soil survey and mapping. Nevertheless, there is not methods, technology and standard specification for soil series survey in the crop growing areas in plain, so even more researches are need to fill the gap. .The topography variation is relatively moderate but the sediment is complicated variable in plain, combined with intense and changeable human activities, which increased difficulty in the research of soil survey and mapping. By using the previous research results on methods, and technology for subgroup survey and soil series survey in hilly area, this project select the valley of Qinhuai River plain which located in Lishui District of Nanjing City as study area, and probe into the research of soil series survey in the cultivated area of plain which can through the method built by the correlation between the soil series and mini-landscape by means of the knowledge of physical geography and techniques of remote sensing and GIS, so that to establish a set of method and technology for soil series survey in cultivated area of plain.

土壤系统分类具有定量化、可诊断的优点。我国主要土系类型调查工作，东部地区已经完成，中西部地区正在抓紧进行中。经过国家自然科学基金“面向土壤系统分类的土壤调查制图方法技术及规范标准研究”和“面向土壤系统分类的土壤调查制图方法技术和规范标准的深入研究”的连续资助，丘陵山区亚类和土系调查方法技术研究已被建立。平原是农业生产集中的地区，平原农区更需要精确的土系类型图。然而，我国尚无平原农区土系调查的方法技术，这个空白亟需填补。.平原地区景观变化相对较小，地形变化缓和，沉积物复杂多变，人为活动非常强烈，平原农区土壤调查更需注重细微变化。本项目采用构建“微景观-土系”相互关系的思路，借鉴丘陵山区土系调查制图方法技术，以位于南京市溧水区的秦淮河冲积平原为研究区，借助自然地理学的知识和遥感、GIS技术等，开展平原农区土系调查方法技术研究，旨在建立起一套可供未来平原农区土系调查借鉴的方法技术体系。

平原特别是冲积平原，是农业生产最为集中和活跃的地区。平原农区需要时效性好、精确度高和最新的土壤调查数据，用于满足当前精准农业、农艺实践和土壤质量评价等方面的需求。土系是定量的、可诊断的土壤基层的分类级别，适合于科学且精细的土壤利用与管理。遗憾的是，我国还没有一套面向中国土壤系统分类的平原农区土系调查的方法技术，这个空白亟需填补。本项目主要研究了平原农区微景观的分类方法与微景观类型制图技术、平原农区的土系数字制图技术，并分析了微景观类型与土壤类型或属性之间的关系规律和平缓地区作物长势长相与土壤属性之间关系规律。结果表明微高地区主导因子为成土母质和土地利用方式，平缓地区主要为水文条件和成土母质的质地，低洼地区为水文条件。特别是在平缓地区，稻-麦作物长势信息可以指示土壤质地剖面的空间分布规律。本研究结论表明不同微景观下对土壤的分布及其属性起到主导作用的景观因子不同。即景观相反映出土系的生境条件，一定程度上能够指示土系的分布位置，特别是主导景观因子。本项目所揭示的微景观类型与土壤类型或属性之间的关系规律，不仅为平原农区土系调查工作提供参考依据，而且为平原农区数字土壤制图提供一种新的思路方法。