南方设施葡萄一年两熟栽培模式的能耗评估与节能路径优化

Two-harvest-a-year grape protected cultivation is a kind of innovative production pattern and popularized in South China, however，it is characterized by high input and high consumption for energy which restricts its sustainable development, so the research on the energy consumption quantity, efficiency and emission reduction path for the cultivation system is forward-looking and necessary. .This study aims to evaluate the energy consumption efficiency and optimize energy consumption for two-harvest-a-year grape protected cultivation system. For this goal, the following research were conducted from the perspective of comparative study of different production scenarios: firstly the mechanization of energy consumption in the system was explained, and the energy input-output items based on production flow analysis were identified and the index system of energy accounting was built; then field experiment and tracking survey were carried out to acquire the data of energy consumption, and the level and characteristics of energy consumption of production systems were described; after that, the measurement model of energy efficiency that fused parameter method of SFA and non-parameter method of DEA was established, the model can overcome the limitations of single method, and the energy efficiency of production systems were then evaluated; subsequently, the key factors and the critical points of influencing energy consumption efficiency were decomposed, then the improvement of energy consumption efficiency and optimization of energy conservation path based on production parameters control were achieved，and finally the GIS-based simulation system and decision support system were developed..Theoretically, this research can put forward a set of method system which could implement energy consumption accounting, efficiency evaluation and optimization in agricultural production system. Practically, the research will structure the technical systems for controlling the production parameters, and then improve the energy efficiency and optimize the energy conservation path, which are useful to provide technical support and decision-making suggestions to achieve the high efficient, energy saving and low consumption modern agricultural production.

一年两熟设施葡萄栽培作为一种创新的生产模式，是我国南方地区特色而有发展潜力的生产方式，但该系统具有能源和生产要素高投入、高消耗的特点，可持续发展潜力受到制约，而目前欠缺对该系统的能源消耗机理、能源效率的评估与优化研究。.本研究以南方地区一年两熟设施葡萄栽培系统为研究对象，以不同生产情景的对比研究为视角，解析系统的能源消耗机理、建立能耗核算指标体系；通过田间试验获取数据、核算能耗水平与特征；构建基于参数SFA法和非参数DEA方法融合的能源效率测度模型、准确评估系统能源效率；识别影响能源效率的关键点和主要因素、实现基于生产参数调控的节能路径优化，并构建基于GIS的能耗分布模拟与决策支持系统。从理论上提出一套实现农业生产系统能源消耗核算、能源效率测评、节能路径优化的方法体系，在实践上建立基于生产参数调控的能源效率提升和节能路径优化的技术体系，为发展低碳、节能、高效的现代设施农业提供参考。

我国南方地区一年两熟设施葡萄栽培有效提高了农业资源的利用率，并扩大了葡萄栽培的适生区域，是一种特色而有发展潜力的生产方式。但该系统具有生产要素高消耗和生产过程被人类高度干预和调控的特点，需要从可持续发展角度研究其能耗问题。.研究以典型的南方地区一年两熟设施葡萄生产系统为研究对象，模型化了生产流程、识别了系统主要的能源项目、构建了能耗分析指标体系；通过对DEA非参数方法和SFA参数方法的融合、建立了能源效率评估的D&S模型；跟踪调研葡萄园获取了能耗原始数据，进而核算葡萄园的基本能耗；基于三种模型测算了葡萄园的能源效率值，并对模型进行了验证；基于标杆管理方法优化了葡萄园能耗，最后开展了基于信息技术的葡萄园能耗管理研究。.能耗核算显示：第一季葡萄生产的能源总投入为127247MJ/ha.,占全年能耗的57.35%，显著高于第二季的94638 MJ/ha.，第一季、第二季和全年的能源利用率分别为35.37%，24.89%和30.90%；两季生产中能源投入结构类似。模型检验表明，D&S融合方法与SFA、DEA方法的测算结果具有一致性，且具有更好的稳定性，是一种合理且更优的能源效率评价方法。基于D&S方法的能源效率评估结果显示，一年两熟设施葡萄模式的综合能源效率值为0.720，纯技术效率值为0.786，规模效率值为0.918，且综合能源效率值主要分布于[0.4,0.8]。通过标杆管理分析，系统能源投入冗余最多、最需优化的能源项目为化肥、农药和农膜。一年两熟设施葡萄能耗评估系统的研发提高了能耗研究的计算效率和准确性,为一年两熟栽培模式能耗问题研究提供了可靠的数据处理支撑。.本研究从方法层面提出了一套对农业生产系统进行能耗核算、能源效率评估、能耗优化的方法体系，在实践层面可为葡萄产业发展低碳、节能、高效的栽培模式提供参考。