冷凉地区葡萄设施延后栽培水分品质响应机理研究

At present, there are several problems exist in delayed culture of grape in greenhouse in cold area of China, such as extensive irrigation mode, vicious cycle of "three high and three low" (low quality, low price and low benefit with high water use, high investment and high yield). This study is to serve for the links and interactions between physiological and biochemical characteristics, endogenous hormone content and water supply at grapes' during various physiological periods, and mechanism of moisture control on hormone (e.g. ABA) and enzyme synergistic. In addition, the influence of water regulation to grape anthocyanin synthesis process will also be research, so as to clear the mechanism of water driving to grape coloring and maturation process. At the same time, this subject will launch on the study of the relationship between water supply and grape sugar metabolism, which is the main quality index of grape, and related hormones and enzymes will be studied, clarify the response mechanism of moisture control to sugar accumulation. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the above three major regulatory mechanism, the physiological mechanism of "W-H-E-Q" (the relationship among water control, component changes of original hormone, key enzyme activity of carbon and nitrogen metabolism and quality accumulation in different stages) is formed. The results can provide some references for the study of irrigation system of water control rape quality, also can be used for further molecular level studies to the heat problem, such as grape water-saving, drought, and regulation quality.

针对我国冷凉地区葡萄设施延后栽培灌水粗放、"三高三低"（高水量-高投入-高产量-低品质-低价格-低效益）恶性循环问题，开展葡萄不同生育期生理生化特性、内源激素含量与水分响应关系研究，探明水分调控对ABA等激素和关键酶的协同作用机理。另外，还将对葡萄花青苷合成过程进行控水研究，明确水分对葡萄着色成熟过程的驱动机理。同时，开展水分对葡萄主要品质指标糖分代谢及相关激素和酶活性的影响机制研究，阐明糖分积累与水分调控响应机理。通过上述三大调控机理的系统分析，形成葡萄延后栽培水分调控品质的"W-H-E-Q"（不同阶段水分调控-内源激素组分变化-关键酶活性-主要品质指标形成过程）生理机制。本研究形成的成果可为冷凉地区葡萄延后栽培控水调质制度研究提供依据，也可进一步为分子水平上研究葡萄节水、抗旱、调质等热点问题积累经验。

针对我国冷凉地区葡萄设施延后栽培灌水粗放、“三高三低”（高水量-高投入-高产量-低品质-低价格-低效益）恶性循环问题，开展水分调控对ABA等激素和关键酶的协同作用机理及葡萄耗水规律、果实生长、产量、水分利用效率等指标的影响研究；同时，开展水分对葡萄主要品质指标及相关激素和酶活性的影响机制研究，阐明葡萄果实品质与水分调控响应机理。.研究结果表明：（1）水分胁迫对延后栽培葡萄生理生化指标一系列复杂变化主要发生在果实膨大期，中度水分胁迫显著抑制叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)等保护酶活性，导致葡萄活性氧清除系统受到伤害；同时显著降低叶片脯氨酸含量，使叶片丙二醛（MDA）含量过度积累，引起葡萄渗透调节能力下降，叶片膜脂过氧化程度加重。该生育期土壤水分过低或过高都显著降低叶片脱落酸（ABA）含量，同时轻度水分胁迫和开花期中度胁迫下均对叶片ABA含量有明显的复水补偿作用。（2）水分对葡萄着色成熟过程和果实糖分积累的调控机制在于新梢生长期-果实膨大初期充分供水，提高葡萄叶片叶绿素和叶片N含量，加快葡萄果实膨大速率、提高葡萄产量和水分生产效率；果实膨大中后期—着色成熟期施加适度水分胁迫，能提高土壤积温并对叶片叶绿素和叶片N也有提高作用，进而有利于葡萄可溶性固形物、糖分和花青素的积累。（3）除新梢生长期-着色成熟期水分调控能提高葡萄叶片叶绿素和叶片氮外，萌芽期适度亏水、新梢生长期-果实膨大期充分供水、着色成熟期适度亏水，能维持和提高葡萄土壤积温，合理调控土壤微生物群落和土壤脲酶活性，显著提升葡萄果实品质，据此形成“以水调温、以温控菌（酶）、以菌（酶）增养、以养提质”的葡萄控水调质整体机制。.该项目研究结果对冷凉地区设施延后栽培葡萄优质、高效、节水生产具有重要的实践意义，也可进一步为分子水平上研究葡萄节水、抗旱、果实品质调控等热点问题积累经验。