中空电活性杂化复合材料的可控构筑及其在超级电容器中的应用

The micro/nano materials with hollow structure is a promising electrode materials for application in the energy storage devices such as solar cells, lithium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors. However, it was difficult to precisely control the morphology, yield and quality of the hollow-structured micro/nano materials. Furthermore, the preparation process was complicated removing the templates by etching and calcination. Therefore, the project designed and prepared the cheap hollow electroactive hybrid composites with the excellent electrochemical property.It was completed by the different modification to introduce carbon materials, manganese dioxide, and polyaniline based on the natural hollow kapok fiber.The control of the structure and component was achieved by the change of the length-diameter ratio and the content of electroactive hybrid materials of the hollow electroactive hybrid composites. The effect of the hollow structure on the specific capacitance and the cycling stability of the hollow electroactive hybrid composites was investigated. And the influence of the synergistic effect of the electroactive hybrid components on the value-added effect of energy density and power density was also investigated. The structure-property relationship between structure abd electrochemical performance was revealed. It was expected to develop the high performance electrode materials with high specific capacitance, high energy density and long lifecycle via combining the special hollow structure and the synergistic effects of electroactive hybrid components.

具有中空结构的微/纳米材料有望成为太阳能电池、锂电池、超级电容器等储能器件的新型电极材料。但是基于中空结构的微/纳米材料的形貌、产量以及质量难以达到精确控制，制备过程相对比较繁琐，需要通过刻蚀或者煅烧去除模板。因此，本课题拟采用具有天然中空结构的木棉纤维为基材，通过不同改性方法引入碳材料、二氧化锰、聚苯胺等电活性材料，制备价廉、电化学性能优异的中空电活性杂化复合材料。通过调控中空电活性杂化复合材料的长径比和电活性杂化组分的含量，实现中空电活性杂化复合材料结构和组成的可控设计。探讨中空电活性杂化复合材料的中空结构对超级电容器比容量以及电化学循环稳定性的影响，考察电活性杂化组分间协同效应对超级电容器能量密度和功率密度的增值效应，揭示结构与性能的构-效关系。联合中空结构和电活性杂化组分间的协同效应，为开发高比电容、高比能量、循环寿命长的新型高性能超级电容器电极材料奠定基础。

目前，具有中空结构的微/纳米材料有望成为太阳能电池、锂电池、超级电容器等储能器件的新型电极材料。但是基于中空结构的微/纳米材料的形貌、产量以及质量难以达到精确控制，制备过程相对比较繁琐，需要通过刻蚀或者煅烧去除模板。因此，本项目采用具有天然中空微管结构的木棉纤维为基材，通过水热法、原位化学氧化聚合、共沉淀法以及高温煅烧法，成功构筑了系列具有中空管状结构的电活性复合材料。通过循环伏安测试、恒电流充放电测试、交流阻抗测试等研究了不同电活性杂化组分和中空结构对提升电容行为和循环稳定性的协同效应，探讨了电活性杂化材料组分、中空结构、孔结构参数与其电化学性能之间的影响机制，明晰了结构与性能的构-效关系。系统评价了中空电活性复合材料组装的超级电容器件的比电容、能量密度、循环稳定性等电化学性能，为开发高比电容、高比能量、循环寿命长的新型高性能超级电容器电极材料提供了技术支撑和理论依据。