东北地区促进农地流转与农民增收机制及政策研究

In the current system of rural land, rural land transfer is the key point for promoting agricultural scale, impelling rural construction land marketization and raising farmers' income in China. Taking some typical provinces in the northeastern regions as the study area, and basing on the objective investigation of history and current situations and problems of farmland transfer, the project is focus on studying the mechanism and performance farmland transfer using the methods of field survey and normative and empirical research, and then puts forward to system innovation and policies combination and supporting measures for promoting farmland transfer and increasing farmers' income. Through investigating the institutional background and practical issues of farmland transfer in Northeast China, the project deeply analyzes the farmland transfer mechanisms from an empirical perspective, and studies the effect and realization path of farmland transfer on raising farmers’ income from two levels such as agricultural scale management income and nonfarm income, and designs some policy innovation and supporting measures for promoting farmland transfer on the basis of comprehensive induction and summary of farmland system innovation and experiences of typical regions under the existing framework of rural land system. The purpose of this project is to provide practical policy recommendations for improving rural land system and formatting an effective farmland transfer mechanism and effectively increasing farmers’ income in China.

在现行农村土地制度框架下，农村土地流转是促进我国农业规模经营、推进农村建设用地市场化，进而实现农民增收的关键环节。课题以中国东北地区典型省份为研究区域，运用田野调查和规范及经验研究方法，在客观考察东北地区农地流转的历史、现状与问题的基础上，重点研究农地流转机制和绩效，进而提出促进农地流转和农民增收的制度创新、政策组合和配套措施。课题通过考察我国东北地区农地制度性背景和现实问题，从实证的角度深入剖析农地流转对农民增收的影响效应，在全面归纳、总结农地流转典型地方制度创新的基础上，探讨在现行农村土地制度的大框架下，通过农地流转在农业规模经营收入和非农业收入两个层面增加农民收入的作用和实现路径，为健全我国农村土地制度，形成有效农地流转机制，切实增加农民收入提供可行的政策建议。

在现行农村土地制度框架下，农村土地流转是促进我国农业规模经营、推进农村建设用地市场化，进而实现农民增收的关键环节。课题以中国东北地区典型省份为研究区域，运用田野调查和规范及经验研究方法，在梳理已有研究文献及统计数据的基础上，通过农户调查、政府部门访谈、与专业大户、家庭农场、农民合作社等新型农业经营主体座谈等途径，深入分析、归纳、总结，发现东北地区农地流转呈现出面积扩大，流转比例提高；流转方式多样化，流转主体规模化；流转期限短期化，流转价格不断上升；流转绩效综合化，促农增收显著的特点。进而通过考察我国东北地区农地制度性背景和现实问题，运用C-D生产函数模型分析东北地区农地经营规模对农民收入的影响，运用Logistic模型分析东北地区农地流转的宏观、区域性、个体影响因素，发现法律制度约束与农村社会保障体系不完善，集体土地所有权、承包经营权不稳定，非农产业发展缓慢，剩余劳动力转移困难，土地流转中介服务组织和信息网络不健全和农民资本积累不足，资金与技术支持不够等制约农地流转的问题。在此基础上，从产权归属、组织运行、收益分配及监管保障四个方面构建东北地区农地流转的核心机制，并从实证的角度深入剖析农地流转对农民增收的影响效应，最终通过提出促进农地流转的制度改革及政策方案、促进土地流转、增加农民收入的实现路径和政策保障和促进农地流转和农民增收的配套措施三方面全面构建东北地区促进农地流转和农民增收的政策组合及配套措施。课题成果不仅发表在各期刊与报纸上，更是形成多项政策建议报告，已送交省里得到重要批复，切实将土地流转促进农民增收的问题在实际中得以落实，对现代农业发展中农业增效、农地增收问题起到举足轻重的作用。