高温超导磁悬浮车动力学特性研究

High temperature superconducting (HTS) maglev vehicles conform to the development demands of modern rail transit attributed to its passive self-stable levitation, simple construction, less energy consumption, lower noise pollution etc. As an innovative transportation tool, it becomes particularly significant to explore the interaction mechanism between the HTS Maglev vehicle and its guide line (permanent magnet rails) and dynamics issues of stability, safety and stationarity during its actual running. Utilizing recently developed HTS Maglev ring-shaped test line, this project plans to experimentally and theoretically investigate the dynamic characteristics of HTS Maglev vehicles during practical running. The whole research includes following contents: vibration characteristics and models of the HTS maglev vehicle, laws and relationships of its dynamic stiffness and damping variations, and running performance under straight lines and curve sections on different conditions of running speeds, operational conditions, field-cooling heights, levitation gaps and applied magnetic field inhomogeneity. In addition, extreme work situations like possible levitation drift, unbalanced load and offset of the vehicle body will be systematically discussed. Finally, appropriate dynamic equations and theories of the HTS Maglev vehicle are attempted to establish based on present three-dimensional electromagnetic field computation model of HTS maglev systems, which will be used to verify the strategies of improving the stability of the vehicle system. This whole work is able to provide theory supports and technology guides for the engineering application of HTS Maglev vehicles.

高温超导磁悬浮车由于无源自稳定性、结构简单、能耗少、噪音低等特点，适合现代轨道交通发展需求。作为一种新型交通工具，探索高温超导磁悬浮车辆与导向线路（永磁轨道）间作用机理和未来运行中稳定性、安全性和平稳性等动力学问题显得尤为重要。利用我国首条高温超导磁悬浮环形试验线，本课题拟采用实验和理论分析方法研究高温超导磁悬浮车实际运行下的动力学特性问题。具体包括：高温超导磁悬浮车的振动特性及其振动型式，研究其动态刚度和阻尼变化关系与规律，探索不同运行速度、运行工况、场冷高度、悬浮间隙和磁场不均匀度等条件下高温超导磁悬浮车直线和曲线线路运行性能。并针对高温超导磁悬浮车中可能出现的悬浮漂移、偏载和偏移等极端状况进行系统分析，最终尝试建立适合于高温超导磁悬浮车的动力学方程及理论范畴，从而验证提高系统动态稳定性的策略，为高温超导磁悬浮车工程化应用提供理论支持和技术指导。

高温超导磁悬浮车由于其无源自稳定性、原理可靠、车辆结构简单、长时间服役性能良好，能适应现代轨道交通的发展需求。作为一种轨道交通工具，动力学研究显得较为重要。本项目以实验为主，辅之以仿真研究，针对高温超导磁悬浮车动力学特性展开了以下研究：①研究了高温超导体自由振动的振动信号，得到其固有频率，阻尼等基本动力学参数；②测试了不同场冷高度情况下，高温超导磁悬浮车在环形试验线以不同速度通过直线段以及曲线段时车辆横、垂向振动加速度及位移信号。发现曲线段行驶较直线段振动更为剧烈，且速度越高振幅越大，但总体运行较为平稳；③针对高温超导磁悬浮试验车建立了含有十一个自由度的整车动力学模型，仿真结果与实验结果吻合较好；④对高温超导磁悬浮车的运行稳定性做了仿真研究。横向运动有一定的稳定区间，垂向运动在悬浮间隙范围内都是稳定的；⑤对高温超导磁悬浮车的曲线通过能力做了仿真研究，发现凭借着自稳定特性，高温超导体能在无超高情况下以较低的速度通过曲线；⑥为了获得更好的曲线通过能力，为高温超导磁悬浮车的永磁轨道系统设计了磁场超高和缓和曲线；⑦ 实验表明高温超导磁浮车“Super Maglev” 的载重能力超过1吨；⑧利用高温超导磁悬浮试验车对悬浮漂移进行了实验研究，发现悬浮漂移随着速度的增高而增大，随着运行时间的累积而增大，且经过一段时间后趋于稳定，不再明显增加；⑨实验发现偏心场冷会降低高温超导磁浮车的稳定性和载重能力。这些研究可为高温超导磁悬浮车工程化应用提供理论支持和技术指导。.课题期间，研究内容整理发表学术论文16篇，其中SCI收录论文15篇，EI收录论文14篇；申请专利7项。参与国内外学术会议13人·次，正培养博士生2人、硕士生2人，毕业博士1人、硕士3人。