磁轨不平顺随机激扰下高温超导磁悬浮车/轨耦合垂向动力学研究

High temperature superconducting (HTS) magnetic levitation (maglev) vehicle is one of the significant research directions in the post high-speed rail transit era because it owns the characteristics of the passive self-stable levitation, simple structure, less energy consumption, lower noise and so on which declares its potential of the high-speed operation. Among the research works, the vehicle-track coupled dynamics, which has not been comprehensively carried out yet, is the precondition of its application. Based on the previous project studying on the dynamics characteristics of the HTS maglev vehicle (51375404), a train track system marshalled by three HTS maglev vehicles will be the object of the study. The unique nonlinear magnet-track relationship with hysteresis, the magnet-track irregularity composed by both the geometric and magnetic irregularity and the effect mechanisms are going to be explored. A mathematic model on the vertical magnet-track relationship will be established. According to the first domestic HTS maglev ring test line and the data of its magnet-track, a measuring scheme will be designed and carried out to obtain the magnet-track irregularity. Then the corresponding power spectrum of irregularity will be found. Finally, a vehicle-track coupled vertical dynamic model will be built based on the nonlinear magnet-track relationship and track irregularity. By using this dynamic model, the operational stability of the HTS maglev vehicle will be evaluated. Furthermore, the design suggestions and the theory proof to both the suspension parameters and the track beam parameters are going to be provided. This work is able to provide theoretical supports and technology guides for the engineering application of the HTS Maglev system.

高温超导磁悬浮车由于无源自稳定、结构简单、能耗小、噪音低等特点，具备高速运行的潜质，被认为是后高铁时代的重要研究方向之一。其中，尚未开展的车/轨耦合动力学研究是其走向应用的前提条件。本项目拟在前期高温超导磁悬浮车动力学特性研究（51375404）的基础上，以3辆超导悬浮车编组而成的列车/轨道耦合系统为研究对象，以探寻高温超导磁悬浮系统独特的滞回非线性磁轨关系及混合几何、磁场不均匀的磁轨不平顺效应及作用机理为重点，建立垂向磁轨关系数学模型；依据国内首条环形试验线及磁轨数据，设计轨检方案并实施磁轨不平顺测量，拟合得到磁轨不平顺功率谱；在考虑永磁轨道不平顺及非线性磁轨关系的基础上，建立高温超导磁悬浮列车/轨道耦合垂向动力学模型；通过仿真对磁浮列车运行平稳性进行评价，并为车辆悬挂参数及轨道梁参数设计提供建议和理论依据。该研究将为高温超导磁悬浮车工程化应用提供理论支持和技术指导。

高温超导磁悬浮车由于无源自稳定、结构简单、前进方向磁阻力极小等特点，具备高速运行的潜质，被认为是后高铁时代的重要研究方向之一。对于一种面向高速应用的轨道交通工具，在运行过程中的车/轨耦合动力学性能尤为重要。本项目以仿真和实验为主，针对磁轨不平顺随机激扰下高温超导磁悬浮车/轨耦合动力学特性展开了以下研究：①测量了高温超导磁悬浮永磁轨道几何不平顺，分析了其不平顺的分布规律；②测量了永磁轨道磁场不均匀相关数据，并通过建立磁场-几何映射关系将磁场不均匀统一转换成几何不平顺，形成磁轨不平顺功率谱拟合函数；③进行了准静态悬浮力和导向力测量实验，探索了场冷高度对悬浮导向力的影响规律；④完成了动态仿真和振动实验，构建了悬浮导向力二维数学模型，并利用最小二乘法识别模型关键参数；⑤针对高温超导磁悬浮工程化试验样车建立了含有三十五个自由度的车-桥耦合动力学模型，并将二维悬浮导向力数学模型作为永磁轨道和车辆的链接；⑥针对高温超导磁悬浮列车运行平稳性，从仿真和实验上进行了二系悬挂参数对其影响规律的研究，并获得了二系参数建议值；⑦进行了高温超导磁悬浮高速曲线通过性能的仿真研究，获得了永磁轨道曲线线路的推荐参数；⑧完成了车-桥耦合动力学仿真研究，探明耦合振动规律，并以车和桥分别为研究对象进行了安全性和舒适性研究。.课题期间，研究内容整理发表学术论文16篇，授权专利4项。参与国内外学术会议14次，培养博士生2人、硕士生5人。