基于传统材料的数字化设计与建造新工艺研究

Nowadays, the rapid development in digital design and fabrication has become a critical trend in architectural studies. However, there is a lack of focus on the theory and methodology of developing digital technology based on the local architectural traditions. Through many years of research accumulation based on the platform of the Digital Design Research Center in Tongji University, the applicant has explored the technology of integrating digital design with traditional material and craftsmanship, which not only opens new design possibilities, but also creates sustainable and high-performance architectures. The research will start with analyzing the physical attributes, material performance and craftsmanship of traditional materials like brick, timber and ceramic; develop new construction methodology using CNC and robotic fabrication. Secondly, the research will focus on the production of full-scale prefabricated architectural prototypes based on the performative characteristics of traditional materials. The geometrical properties of the architectural prototypes will be digitally parameterized and manipulated through iterative processes. At the same time, those parameters will be constantly optimized using evolutionary algorithm from multi objective aspects like structural, environmental and material performance. The goal is to customize the differential of traditional material modules and realize high performance architecture using digital design and fabrication methodology. This project will make innovations through tradition, creatively integrate technology with tradition, culture and industry, and provide significant theoretical support to the realization of sustainable architecture and the upgrading of current architectural industry.

如今，数字化设计与建造日渐成为建筑学研究的热点。然而，数字技术如何实现在继承传统文化中创新，尚未形成成熟的理论与方法。申请者经多年设计实践和基于“同济大学数字设计研究中心实验室”平台的研究，探索传统技艺与数字设计方法结合的全新技术，努力研发具有绿色高性能目标的建筑新工艺。首先，课题以砖石、木材及陶土等传统材料为对象，研究其物理参数和材料性能；然后，这些传统材料在形式语法等建筑生形方法指导下生成建筑原型；同时，课题从结构性能、环境性能等角度，以多目标遗传算法为手段，反复优化建筑原型的几何属性；重点将以1:1原型建造为载体，运用CNC与机器人等数控加工工具，试制预制单元体及其新建造工艺流程；最终，通过数字化设计与建造手段，努力实现既体现传统文化特征，又实现绿色高性能目标的新工艺革新。本研究明确了传承中创新的重要性，探索了传统、科技与产业的一体化整合，为建筑产业的升级提供了重要理论与实验依据。

本研究以传统材料(砖石、竹木、陶土)为对象，以探索新工艺为目标，以数字化设计为方法，以数字化建造为手段，致力于探求“基于传统材料工艺的数字化设计生形方法”，“针对传统材料建筑原型的性能优化方法”，“基于传统材料的数字建造新工艺研发”，“从生形、优化到建造的一体化建筑生产工艺流程”等几方面内容。.在基金的赞助下，项目组连续四年中主持举办上海“数字未来”（DigitalFUTURES Shanghai）系列学术活动，多次参与国内外学术会议，多次参加国内外展览活动，如威尼斯双年展，芝加哥双年展，深圳双年展等。出版著作两部，在国内外期刊与杂志发表论文四十余篇，其中A&HCI检索3篇，EI检索8篇，CSSCI检索3篇。获得专利5项。指导并完成硕士学位论文10篇、博士论文1篇。.本研究项目实现了多学科交叉，具有较强的科学性和综合性。以传统材料为切入点，将传统文化研究与当代技术相结合，探索传统工艺的新范式，为数字技术的发展和传统的再生开辟新的途径。打破了设计-建造间的信息壁垒，解决了传统设计中“联不通”的问题，建立起一套能与数字化设计复杂程度相匹配的数字建造平台，实现参数提取——数字设计——性能优化——数字建造的整合，建立一体化的原型建造方式。运用传统材料通过机器人建造新工艺，打造高性能的未来建筑，是绿色建筑产业创新的重要内容。