大豆抗倒伏基因发掘及其遗传变异研究

The increase of soybean production relies on the improvement of yield in China. Expansion of planting populatin via increasing density is one of the important ways to obtain higher yields. Lodging is the first limiting factor as the planting density increased in soybean. Therefore, lodging resistance gene discovery and genetic variation study is very important for cultivation of new varieties with high yield. Privously, soybean germplasms with special traits were identified through field characterization of core collection germplasm in different years at different locations. Meanwhile, candidate genes/loci related to lodging were obtained by analysis of selection regions acquired from whole genome resequencing of 25 different materials. In this project, lodging resistance genes will be cloned and studied by homology cloning and positional cloning methods in soybean. The molecular mechanism of lodging will also be studied via biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology. Meanwhile, new materials with excellent lodging resistance will also be identified through development of functional molecular markers. Therefore, this project will provide a very important theoretical basis for the cultivation of soybean with high yield and lodging resistance

我国大豆总产的增加必须依靠单产的提高来实现，增加种植密度-扩大大群体是单产提高的重要途径之一。大豆倒伏是种植密度增加的第一限制因素，因此发掘抗倒伏基因并对其遗传变异进行研究对于大豆高产新品种培育具有重要意义。前期已利用大豆种质资源构建的核心种质多年多点的试验，鉴定出性状稳定的品种资源，同时通过对25份不同倒伏性材料全基因组重测序得到的选择区间的分析，获得了抗倒伏候选基因/位点。本项目在前期工作的基础上，利用同源克隆和图位克隆方法发掘抗倒伏基因并进行功能研究，对大豆抗倒伏的生物化学、遗传学和分子机理进行解析。开发功能基因分子标记，鉴定有利用价值的优异抗倒伏大豆新材料，为培育高产抗倒伏的大豆新培育奠定理论基础。

倒伏性是大豆产量提高的主要限制因素，发掘抗倒伏基因并明确其遗传变异对于大豆高产新品种培育具有重要意义。本项目旨在前期工作的基础上，对大豆抗倒伏的生物化学、遗传学机制进行解析，联合多种分析方法发掘抗倒伏基因，开发功能基因分子标记，鉴定有利用价值的优异抗倒伏大豆新材料，为培育高产抗倒伏大豆新品种奠定理论与实践基础。通过项目实施，建立了结合茎秆力学特性的大豆倒伏性综合评价方法，筛选出抗倒伏优异种质资源，为抗倒伏育种的亲本选择提供了材料和方法支撑。综合利用QTL和关联分析，定位与倒伏性相关的位点。利用克隆2个与大豆倒伏性相关基因的等位基因变异，开发了CAPS或KASP标记并鉴定大豆种质资源，明确了等位基因的分布规律和基因的进化特点，为不同抗倒伏相关基因的调控机制解析奠定了理论基础。