铅锌混合矿氧气底吹脱硫直接冶炼的冶金物理化学基础

Aiming at the defects of ISP process such as High pollution, high energy consumption, and the application provides a new green and clean technology for direct smelting of lead and zinc mixed concentrates by oxygen bottom blowing. Namely, lead and zinc mixed concentrates are desulfurized first by oxygen bottom blown smelting process, then, the desulfurized molten lead and zinc oxide melts are reduced by blowing reduction smelting to obtain the crude lead and zinc. Process mineralogical characteristics of lead and zinc mixed concentrates, thermodynamics of oxygen bottom blown smelting desulfurization of lead and zinc mixed concentrates and blowing reduction smelting of desulfurized molten lead and zinc oxide melts, the physical and chemical properties of ZnS-PbS-SiO2-FeO-CaOand ZnO-PbO-SiO2-FeO-CaO multicomponent melts, and the influence law of process conditions in the oxygen bottom blown smelting desulfurization process of lead and zinc mixed concentrates and blowing reduction smelting process of desulfurized molten lead and zinc oxide melts are researched, and the reaction dynamics model and control mechanism of oxygen bottom blown smelting desulfurization process of lead and zinc mixed concentrates and blowing reduction smelting process of desulfurized molten lead and zinc oxide melts are established. This study will provide theoretical and technical support on the promotion of upgrading the existing ISP process for direct smelting of lead zinc mixed concentrate, the realization of green clean smelting of complex refractory lead and zinc mixed concentrates and the sustainable development of China's lead and zinc industry, and it has broad prospects.

针对ISP法冶炼铅锌存在的污染大、能耗高等缺陷，本申请提出了一种氧气底吹铅锌混合矿直接冶炼绿色清洁新工艺，即铅锌混合矿首先氧气底吹熔炼脱硫，然后将脱硫得到的熔融氧化铅锌熔体喷吹还原熔炼得到粗铅和精锌。系统研究铅锌混合矿的工艺矿物学特点，铅锌混合矿氧气底吹熔炼脱硫和熔融氧化铅锌熔体喷吹还原熔炼热力学，ZnS-PbS-SiO2-FeO-CaO以及ZnO-PbO-SiO2-FeO-CaO多元熔体的物性化学性质，以及工艺条件对铅锌混合矿底吹熔炼脱硫与氧化铅锌熔体喷吹还原熔炼的过程中多相反应界面反应及界面传递特性的影响规律，建立了铅锌混合精矿底吹熔炼脱硫和氧化铅锌熔体喷吹还原等多相界面反应动力学模型。该研究将为推动实现我国现有的ISP法冶炼铅锌混合矿技术的升级换代，实现复杂难处理铅锌混合矿的绿色清洁冶炼和我国铅锌工业的可持续发展提供技术支撑和理论依据，应用前景广阔。

针对ISP法冶炼铅锌存在的污染大、能耗高等缺陷，项目提出了一种氧气底吹铅锌混合矿直接冶炼绿色清洁新工艺，即铅锌混合矿首先氧气底吹熔炼脱硫，然后将脱硫得到的熔融氧化铅锌熔体喷吹还原熔炼得到粗铅和精锌。系统研究铅锌混合矿的工艺矿物学特点，铅锌混合矿氧气底吹熔炼脱硫和熔融氧化铅锌熔体喷吹还原熔炼热力学，ZnS-PbS-SiO2-FeO-CaO以及ZnO-PbO-SiO2-FeO-CaO多元熔体的物性化学性质，以及工艺条件对铅锌混合矿底吹熔炼脱硫与氧化铅锌熔体喷吹还原熔炼的过程中多相反应界面反应及界面传递特性的影响规律。确定了铅锌渣熔体设计原则，以及熔融脱硫与还原过程适宜的条件，实现了铅锌混合矿高效脱硫，金属硫化物氧化造渣和铅锌渣熔融还原过程中铅和锌金属的还原和分离以及铅锌混合矿直接熔池熔炼过程中有价金属的回收利用。研究结果表明：铅锌混合矿氧气脱硫过程为一级反应，表观活化能为44.46 kJ/mol，气–液相的传质可能是限制步骤；铅锌混合矿脱硫率可达到95.53%，炉渣中S含量可降低至0.7%以下；增加Fe/SiO2 和CaO/SiO2有利于铅锌还原，当Fe/SiO2为0.78和CaO/SiO2为0.8时，金属回收率最大；还原渣中铅和锌可降低到0.1%和3%以下，铅、锌、铜、金、银的回收率分别达82.2%、90.2%、87.95%、97.9%、98.3%。项目研究全面完成了预定的研究任务，实现了既定的研究目标。发表论文9篇，培养硕士博士研究生3名，获得授权发明专利2项,新申请2项；1项成果完成技术评价：国际领先；获47届日内瓦国际发明展金奖1项。该项目研究和相关成果为推动实现我国现有的ISP法冶炼铅锌混合矿技术的升级换代，实现复杂难处理铅锌混合矿的绿色清洁冶炼和我国铅锌工业的可持续发展提供了技术支撑和理论依据，应用前景广阔；同时相关成果可应用于铜冶炼等相关领域。